醫學六：80題 ( 包括麻醉科,眼科,耳鼻喉科,婦產科,復健科等科目及其及相關臨床實例與醫學倫理 )題庫下載題庫

Lymph node sampling — Pelvic and paraaortic node sampling is performed to exclude the possibility of microscopic stage III disease, which can occur in up to one-third of patients with apparent stage I disease [25]. Failure to detect nodal disease can have major prognostic implications. Lymph node dissection is associated with an increased operative duration and a risk of lymphocyst (13 percent).

Suspicious nodes are removed, and random sampling is performed if there are no suspicious nodes. Paraaortic nodes, especially those above the inferior mesenteric artery, are involved more frequently ...

Lymph node sampling — Pelvic and paraaortic node sampling is performed to exclude the possibility of microscopic stage III disease, which can occur in up to one-third of patients with apparent stage I disease [25]. Failure to detect nodal disease can have major prognostic implications. Lymph node dissection is associated with an increased operative duration and a risk of lymphocyst (13 percent).

Suspicious nodes are removed, and random sampling is performed if there are no suspicious nodes. Paraaortic nodes, especially those above the inferior mesenteric artery, are involved more frequently than pelvic nodes [25-27]. The procedure for lymphadenectomy is described separately. (See "Radical hysterectomy", section on 'Examination of lymph nodes'.)

●Stage IIIA (microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis [no macroscopic tumor]) was subdivided into positive retroperitoneal nodes only (IIIA1) and other microscopic extrapelvic metastasis (IIIA2). Stage IIIA1 (positive retroperitoneal nodes only) is further classified based on size of metastatic deposit in node. Stage IIIA1(i) is up to 10 mm deposit and IIIA1(ii) is greater than 10 mm in greatest dimension.

●Stage IV has been subdivided into malignant pleural effusion (IVA) and parenchymal liver metastases or metastases to extraabdominal organs (IVB) (including inguinal lymph node and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity).