47. 下列何者不是系統生物學(system biology)的研究範疇及研究工具？
(A) 系統親緣關係學(systematic phylogeny)
(B) 蛋白質體學(proteomics)
(C) 基因體學(genomics)
(D) 生物資訊工具(bioinformatic tools)

31. 黑猩猩在演化上與人類具有共同的祖先，黑猩猩有 24 對染色體，人類則有 23 對，經過染 色體序列比對，黑猩猩的第 12 對與第 13 對染色體，與人類的第 2 對染色體屬於同源染色 體。這種在演化上的染色體變化情形，稱為________。 (A) 突變(mutation) (B) 重組(rearrangement) (C) 缺失(deletion) (D) 擴增(duplication)

48. 在 SARS-CoV2 的報導中，我們常見科學家以全基因體的支序樹(phylogenetic tree)來呈現 不同病毒株的關係。請問此類支序樹無法找到下列何種資訊？ (A) 病毒株之間遺傳距離的遠近 (B) 病毒株之間的共同祖先出現於何時 (C) 病毒株之間演化的順序 (D) 姐妹病毒株的突變差異是否會造成功能性的改變

49. 下列何者不具有物種間之演化高度保留(evolutionarily highly conserved)的特性？ (A) TATA box (B) homeobox of homeotic genes (C) proton gradient & chemiosmosis (D) CRISPR-Cas system

50. 下列何者不是經由學習而得的行為？ (A) 印痕 (B) 空間認知 (C) 社會認知 (D) 生物時鐘

1. If the diameter of the hydrogen atom is scaling up to the 400 m track playground, what would the size of its nucleus be? Hint: Radius of hydrogen is 0.053 nano meter. Radius of its nucleus is 0.85 femto meter. (A) a few-mm sand grain (B) a ping-pong ball (C) a base ball (D) a bowling ball (E) a basketball

2. Since 2019, the magnitudes of all SI units have been defined by declaring exact numerical values for defining constants when expressed in terms of their SI units. Which one of the following constants is not included? (A) the speed of light in vacuum, c (B) the Planck constant, h (C) the Coulomb constant, ke (or 1/4πε0 ) (D) the Boltzmann constant, k (or kB) (E) the Avogadro constant, NA

3. The graph below shows the angular acceleration α of a bicycle tire. During the four-second time interval for which this graph is drawn, we can conclude that ______.  (A) the angular velocity of the wheel did not change (B) the angular momentum of the wheel about an axis through its center did not change (C) the angular velocity of the wheel increased by 8 rad/s (D) the angular velocity of the wheel increased by 12 rad/s (E) the angular velocity of the wheel increased by 16 rad/s

4. A ball rolls down and leaves a slope at an angle of 30°above the horizontal direction. The ball hits the ground 10 seconds later at a point 20 meters below the leaving point, as shown below. How far does the ball travel horizontally when it hits the ground (from point B to point C)? (Gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s2 ) (A) 623 (B) 835 (C) 936 (D) 1019 (E) 2021

5. Newton’s coefficient of restitution is defined by For a completely inelastic collision in a head-on collision of two objects, what would the value of e would be? (A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2 (E) Information not enough to determine it.

6. The ballistic pendulum has mass 10 kg. A bullet of 300 g moves at the speed of v0 right before hitting the pendulum. How much is the height h that the pendulum can swing upward and rest momentarily? (Gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s2 ) (A) 6.7× v0 2 (B) 4.2× v0 2 (C) 3.3× v0 2 (D) 2.3×v0 2 (E) 5.7×v0 2

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