48. Which sentence below is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?
(A) In politics, declinist arguments, despite often being false, are persuasive.
(B) Because they are often false, declinist arguments have limited appeal in politics.
(C) Declinist arguments by politicians are frequently unconvincing and exposed as false.

44. Which topic below is NOT covered in the article? (A) tips on how to greenwash (B) the definition of greenwashing (C) advice to shoppers

45. Below are some common buzzwords used in greenwashing. Which expression was not mentioned in this article? (A) biodegradable (B) all-natural (C) carbon neutral

46. What is the relationship between fading affect bias and rosy retrospection? (A) Rosy retrospection and fading affect bias are the causes of memory loss. (B) Fading affect bias refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others agree with them which is the outcome of rosy retrospection. (C) Fading affect bias causes the brain to retain positive memories while allowing the negative ones to fade, thus leading to rosy retrospection.

47. Which of the following is a synonym of the word "yearning"? (A) desire (B) slogan (C) complaint (D) memory

49. According to the article, how is a declinist perspective exploited? (A) Politicians use social media to spread false information about societal decline to create divisions within society. (B) Politicians use declinist arguments to appeal to people who yearn for "the good old days" to gain political advantage. (C) Politicians use rhetoric to create fear or anxiety about the future to promote their own agendas.

50. How does the writer suggest we deal with the effects of rosy retrospection? (A) We should use multiple sources of information to provide a more complete view of the past, present, and future. (B) We should be engaged in memory training so that we could recall from both short-term and long-term memories. (C) We should be aware of its effect on our judgment and decision-making, avoid a declinist perspective, and be careful not to prefer a rosy view of the past to the future.

1. Although the rising tide of joblessness is beginning to _______ in some major economies, overall, unemployment levels continue to be high, as GDP growth in most economies has not yet translated into significant job growth. (A) ebb (B) rise (C) surge (D) roam

2. Even though the war-torn country is in _______, it still refuses to bow down to the evil power. (A) trample (B) shambles (C) ripples (D) arable

3. Tomorrow's meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic _______ that has lasted for ten years. (A) stakeout (B) starlet (C) stallholder (D) stalemate

4. These four countries are _______ on the brink of humanitarian catastrophe, with skyrocketing poverty and an economic implosion that threatens to throw these countries into even deeper turmoil. (A) teetering (B) truncating (C) taunting (D) tallying