49. How many fatty acid molecules do a phosphatidylcholine (PC) of plasma membrane have?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) None of above

50. Which of the following molecule does NOT affect membrane fluidity? (A) Sphingomyelin (B) Triglyceride (C) Cholesterol (D) Glycosphingolipids

51. Which description for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is NOT correct? (A) RTKs is a family of plasma membrane receptors with protein kinase activity. (B) RTKs transduce extracellular signals through a mechanism similar to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (C) RTKs have a ligand-binding domain on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane. (D) RTKs have an enzyme active site on the cytoplasmic face.

52. Which description for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is NOT correct? (A) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have seven transmembrane beta-sheets domains. (B) GPCRs act through heterotrimeric G proteins. (C) GPCRs are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. (D) GPCRs are involved in many diseases.

53. Which receptor of signal-transduction pathways is involved in glucose uptake regulation? (A) Sialic acid receptor (B) Insulin receptor (C) β-Adrenergic receptor (D) EGF receptor

54. Which of the following is NOT pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) product in oxidative nonreversible phase? (A) Ribose-5-phosphate (B) NADH (C) NADPH (D) CO2

55. Which one of the following molecules is NOT the second messenger in the phosphoinositol signaling pathway? (A) Calcium ions (B) Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) (C) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (D) Diacylglycerol (DAG)

56. Which of the following DNA type is left-handed forms? (A) A-DNA (B) B-DNA (C) Z-DNA (D) None of above

57. Which of the following enzyme is contained in mitochondria? (A) Succinate dehydrogenase (B) Fumarase (C) Cytochrome oxidase (D) All of the above

58. Which of the following ion plays a key role in the enzymatic activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO)? (A) Calcium (B) Natrium (C) Manganese (D) Iron

59. What is the main place for the fatty acid β-oxidation in cells? (A) Cytosol (B) Mitochondria (C) Endoplasmic reticulum (D) Peroxisome

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