5. Which one can be applied for glomerular filtration rate?
(A) sodium ion
(B) glucose
(C) insulin
(D) inulin

6. For the description of "Countercurrent Multiplier System", which one is "  Wrong  "? (A) descending limb is permeable for water (B) ascending is permeable for sodium ion/sodium chloride (C) mainly happened in renal cortex (D) sodium ion and urea are responsible for this system in renal medulla

7. Which one is correct for describing para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)? (A) PAH can not be secreted by renal tubular cells (B) to measure the renal blood flow (C) PAH can not be filtered (D) to measure the glomerular filtration rate

8. For the following patients, which one has respiratory alkalosis? (A) pH=7.90, = 19 mEq/L,  = 30 mmHg (B) pH 7.05, = 28 mEq/L,  = 50 mmHg (C) pH=7.75, = 30 mEq/L,  = 44 mmHg (D) pH=6.90, = 18 mEq/L, = 22 mmHg

9. Which of the following is   NOT   principle function of the liver? (A) Bile production and excretion (B) Storage of glycogen and vitamins (C) Removal of worn-out red blood cells (D) Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis

10. Which of the following statements about liver is true? (A) The sinusoids are low permeable (B) There is an inverse relationship between portal venous pressure and hepatic venous pressure (C) There is no known vasoconstrictor nerve fiber reaching the liver (D) Jaundice is caused by insufficient conjugated bilirubin in the blood

11. Which of the following cell types synthesizes and secretes plasma proteins? (A) Hepatocytes (B) Kupffer cells (C) Cholangiocytes (D) Sinusoidal endothelial cells

12. Which of the following vasoactive factors exerts an opposite effect on vascular smooth muscle compared with the other three? (A) Eicosanoids (B) Angiotensin II (C) Thromboxane A2 (D) Endothelin-1

13. Which of the following is NOT directly affected by circulating epinephrine? (A) stroke volume (B) heart rate (C) arteriolar radius (D) venous pressure

14. The hydrostatic pressure in a capillary is 30 mmHg at the arteriolar end and 14 mmHg at the venular end. The interstitial pressure is 0 mmHg. The colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg in the capillary and 3 mmHg in the interstitium. The net force producing fluid movement across the capillary wall at its arteriolar end is (A) absorption, 2 mmHg (B) absorption, 8 mmHg (C) filtration, 2 mmHg (D) filtration, 8 mmHg.

15. Which of the following statements concerning control of blood flow through arterioles is true? (A) Beta-adrenergic receptors are more abundant on most arteriolar smooth muscle than are alpha-adrenergic receptors. (B) If the arterial blood pressure to an organ suddenly decreases, arterioles in the organ will dilate in response. (C) Binding of epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation. (D) Increased stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased vasoconstriction.

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