50 Which of the following statements does the passage support?
(A)The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.
(B)Basic scientific research cannot lead to practical applications.
(C)Industries should spend less money on research and development.
(D)Science and technology are becoming more divided.

interdependent-相互依賴的

multidirectional-多方向的

Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development,the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood.
然而，從歷史上看，這種對科學的經濟價值的廣泛信仰是最近才出現的現象，在美國可以追溯到大約 150 年前，而在整個西方世界最多不超過 300 年。 即使在當今這個大規模、密集研究和開發的時代，這一過程中涉及的相互關係也常常被誤解。

Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution,science and technology evolved for the most part independently獨立 of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application系統應用 of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly參差不齊.
在工業革命到來之前，科學和技術在很大程度上是相互獨立發展的。 然後隨著工業化越來越複雜，前工業社會的工藝技術逐漸讓位於以科學知識和科學方法的系統應用為基礎的技術。 這種轉變開始緩慢，進展不平衡。

Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them.Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified未指明 manner方式 automatically create economic benefits.
直到 19 世紀後期，只有少數行業能夠負擔得起或關心使用科學技術。然而，到 19 世紀中葉，科學知識的巨大擴展和公眾對它的認識創造了一種信念： 科學的進步將以某種未指明的方式自動創造經濟利益。

The pervasive普遍的 acceptance接受 of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use.
對這一論點的普遍接受反過來又導致了這樣一種假設，即科學在工業用途上的應用是一個線性過程，從基礎科學開始，然後進入應用科學或技術，並通過它們進入工業用途。

This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem.
這可能是最普遍的模式，但它並不是一成不變的。 通過嘗試解決特定的技術或經濟問題，開闢了新的科學領域並取得了重大發現。

On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
相反，主要從事基礎研究的科學家也在實際應用研究的項目中擔任顧問。 總而言之，科技產業關係可能以幾種不同的方式流動，具體的渠道取決於具體情況。 它有時甚至可能是多向的。