第 38 題至第 41 題為題組：
It has long been part of folk wisdom that birth order strongly affects personality. However, most of the
research claiming that firstborns are radically different from other children has been 38 . It now seems that any
effects of birth order on personality will likely be washed out by all the other influences in a person’s life. 39 ,
the belief in the permanent impact of birth order, according to Toni Falbo, a social psychologist at the University of
Texas at Austin, “comes from the psychological theory that your personality is fixed by the time you are six. That 40 simply is incorrect.” The better, later and larger studies are less likely to find birth order a useful predictor of anything. When two
Swiss social scientists, Cecile Ernst and Jules Angst, 41 1,500 studies a few years ago, they concluded that
“birth-order differences in personality are nonexistent in our sample” and that “in particular, there is no evidence
for a ‘firstborn personality.’”
【題組】41
(A) adopted
(B) reviewed
(C) applied
(D) recommended
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