6. Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases may lead to which of the following events?
(A) inhibition of replication
(B) apoptosis
(C) inhibition of transcription
(D) DNA damages
(E) cell cycle arrest

7. Which of the following molecules may influence the structures of RNA molecules? (A) carbon monoxide (CO) (B) polyamines (C) magnesium ion (D) histones (E) helicases

8. Which of the following statements regarding proteasome degradation pathway are correct? (A) Proteins targeted for degradation are usually mono-ubiquitylated. (B) Ubiquitin is transferred to substrate proteins by the so-called E3 enzymes. (C) This pathway is ATP-dependent. (D) Inhibition of proteasome degradation pathway may lead to cell cycle arrest. (E) This pathway also involves in antigen presentation.

9. What factor(s) can make tumor suppressor RB inactive? (A) CDK2 (B) CDK4 (C) Cdc25 phosphatase (D) SV40 T antigen (E) HIN1 hemagglutinin.

10. Which-following protein(s) can shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus? (A) Erk1/2 (B) Akt (C) STAT3 (D) insulin receptor (E) Src.

11. Which following statement(s) is/are correct? (A) Protein glycosylation occurs immediately after protein synthesis is complete. (B) Protein glycosylation happens during the process of protein synthesis. (C) Protein glycosylation begins in endoplasmic reticulum. (D) Protein glycosylation occurs only after the protein is transported to Golgi. (E) A given protein can have different glycosylation modifications in different types of cells.

12. What following alteration(s) will let an oncogene become oncogenic? (A) gene amplification (B) protein overexpression (C) CpG island methylation (D) ubiquitination (E) loss of function on a cognate inhibitor which is specific for the protein translated from the oncogene.

13. DNA pyrosequencing is a method that reads DNA sequence based on the amount of pyrophosphate generated by the DNA polymerase. For each sequencing cycle, one single triphosphate nucleotide (A) GCTAGCT (B) GCAGCT (C) GCTAGGCCT (D) GCAGGCCT (E) CGTCCGGA

14. Which of the following statements about DNA agarose electrophoresis is TRUE? (A) DNA carries negative charges and run to anode (B) Large DNA carries more negatives and run faster than small DNA (C) Large DNA run slower because it is heavier than small DNA (D) Large DNA run slower because it faces a greater resistance (E) Low percentage agarose gel provides better resolution for small DNA

15. Shown below is the plasmid backbone for small hairpin RNA (shRNA) used in the National RNAi Core (A) The plasmid carries a gene for selection of E. coli that carry it (B) The plasmid carries features that facilitate its integration into mammalian genome (C) The plasmid carries a gene for selection of mammalian cells that carry it (D) shRNA can be inserted to the plasmid and can be expressed driven by the U6 promoter (E) The plasmid itself is infectious because it contains HIV elements

16. List in the table are DNA sequences to which 11 transcription factors bind. A sequence logo was (A) Positions 5, 7, 8, and 10 are the tallest because the nucleotides are highly conserved in those positions among all sequences (B) Position 6 is taller than position 4 because position 6 is less conserved (C) Position 3 is shorter than position 11 (D) T in position 6 has the same height as T in position 9 (E) Tin position 11 is taller than G in position 12 although they appear in both positions with an equal frequency

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