63.Continuing from the above question, the purpose of the shuttle mechanism is to transport:
(A) ATP
(B) NADH
(C) NADPH
(D) FADH₂

64.Continuing from the above question, how many net ATPs will be generated after one glucose molecule was oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O in muscle? (A) 26 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 32

65. Generation of antibody diversity occurs in part as a result of (A) alternative mRNA splicing (B) DNA recombination (C) transcriptional errors (D) translational errors

66. The kcat/kM [(mol/L)-1s-1] of enzyme X for substrate A, B, C, and D are 0.13,0.036, 3000 and 100, respectively. Which substrate is best for enzyme X? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

67. What is the direction for DNA and RNA synthesis, respectively? (A) 5’ to 5’ and 5’ to 5’ (B) 5’ to 3’ and 5’ to 3’ (C) 5’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’ (D) 5’ to 3’ and 5’ to 5’

68.Nucleic acids absorb ultraviolet light principally because of their aromatic base components. Which kind of nucleic acid below absorbs UV most efficiently? (A) RNA in an A-form helix (B) RNA in a B-form helix (C) single-stranded DNA (D) double-stranded DNA

69.The partial structure of a polysaccharide is listed below. Which of the following glycosidic linkage is NOT shown in the molecule below? (A) α-1,4-glycosidic linkage (B) α-1,6-glycosidic linkage (C) β-1,6-glycosidic linkage (D) None of the above

70.Three structures are listed below. Molecule A and B are: (A) enatiomers (B) epimers (C) mirror-image stereoisomers (D) none of the above

71.The figure shown below is a ball-and-stick representation of the crystal structure of a lipid (Note that the H atoms, which are often not evident in X-ray crystallography, are not shown). This lipid is: (A) linolenic acid (B) palmitic acid (C) triacylglycerol (D) phosphatidylethanolamine

72.The structure of a dipeptide is shown below. Which bond indicates the peptide bond? (A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 1 and 3 (D) none of the above

73.The concept of "induced fit"for enzyme activity refers to the fact that: (A) enzyme-substrate binding induces movement along the reaction coordinate to the transition state (B) enzyme-substrate binding induces an increase in the reaction entropy, thereby catalyzing the reaction (C) substrate binding may induce a conformational change in the enzyme, which then brings catalytic groups into proper orientation (D) when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme induces a loss of water (desolvation) from the substrate

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