7.Monoclonal antibodies are produced
(A)when a female is pregnant.
(B)by cancerous tumors.
(C) when an animal is infected by a single type of pathogen.
(D)by cells that are formed when a B cell is fused to a T cell.
(E)by cells are created through the fusion of an activated B cell with a tumor cell.

3. In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, (A)blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier. (B)blood and water flow in the same direction. (C) blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat. (D)water flow over the gills reverses direction with every inhalation. (E)blood and water flow in opposite directions.

4.The largest blood vessel in the human body is the (A)pulmonary artery. (B)aorta. (C) vena cava. (D)arteria maxima. (E)superior vena cava.

5. During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood? (A)atrial phase (B)interphase (C) resting phase (D)diastole (E)systole

6. Which of the following cell types is responsible for humoral immunity? (A)macrophages (B)B cells (C) C lymphocytes (D)natural killer cells (E)neutrophils

8.Which of the following kinds of animals excrete their nitrogenous waste entirely as ammonia? (A)fish (B)birds (C) insects (D)garden snails (E)tropical insects

9. When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following digestion of a meal, what is the hormonal response? (A)Both glucagon and insulin are released. (B)The total amount of insulin in the blood decreases. (C) Glucagon is released but not insulin. (D)Insulin is released but not glucagon. (E)Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.

10.TRH is a type of _____ hormone secreted by the _____. (A)peptide... thymus (B)releasing... posterior pituitary (C) releasing... anterior pituitary (D)releasing... hypothalamus (E)steroid .. thyroid gland

11.The function of a sperm cell's acrosome is to (A)contain the fuel that powers the sperm. (B)fuse with the jelly coat of the egg cell. (C) carry the sperm's nucleus. (D)carry the sperm's helical mitochondria. (E)carry enzymes that are released to form a hole in the egg's jelly coat when the sperm encounters an egg.

複選題12. During transmission across a typical chemical synapse, (A)vesicles containing neurotransmitter diffuse to the receiving cell's plasma membrane. (B)neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the receiving cell's plasma membrane. (C) action potentials trigger chemical changes that make the synaptic vesicles fuse with each other. (D)the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors initiates exocytosis. (E)neurotransmitter molecules are stored in the synaptic knob.

13. A thick filament consists of (A)actin and regulatory proteins. (B)actin and myosin. (C) myosin and regulatory filaments. (D)actin. (E)myosin.