77. 就生物種概念(biological species concept)，A、B、C、D、E、F 這六個類群應該區分為幾個物種？(1 分)
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 6

78. 若 B 及 D 的雜交子代，具有生殖能力，但其生殖能力遠低於正常不雜交的子代，就生物種概念(biological species concept)，A、B、C、D、E、F 這六個類 群應該區分為幾個物種？(1 分) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 6

79. 若 A、B、C 的生態棲位彼此類似，D、E、F 的生態棲位也彼此類似，但甲與 乙分別佔據完全不同的生態棲位，就生態種概念(ecological species concept)， A、B、C、D、E、F 這六個類群應該區分為幾個物種？(1 分) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 6

80. 若甲與乙的生態棲位非常類似，就親緣種概念(phylogenetic species concept)， A、B、C、D、E、F 這六個類群應該區分為幾個物種？(2 分) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 6

1. Tfunction of the eukaryotic DNA replication factor PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) is similar to that of the β-subunit of bacterial DNA polymerase III in that it: (A)Participates in DNA repair (B) Facilitates replication of telomeres (C) Has a 3'→5' proofreading activity (D) Increases the speed but not the processivity of the replication complex (E) Forms a circular sliding clamp to increase the processivity of replication

2. The 5' → 3' exonuclease activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I is involved in: (A)Sealing of nicks by ligase action (B) Formation of Okazaki fragments (C) Proofreading of the replication process (D) Removal of RNA primers by nick translation (E) Formation of a nick at the DNA replication origin

3. The role of the Dam methylase is to: (A)Remove a methyl group from thymine (B) Replace a mismatched nucleotide with the correct one (C) Add a methyl group to uracil, converting it to thymine (D) Remove a mismatched nucleotide from the template strand (E) Modify the template strand for recognition by repair systems

4. In homologous recombination in E. coli, the protein that assembles into long, helical filaments that coat a single-strand region of DNA is: (A)Histone (B) RecA protein (C) DNA methylase (D) RecBCD enzyme (E) DNA polymerase

5. Which amino acid has an unusual side-chain that includes the nitrogen of the amino group attached to the α-carbon? (A)Asparagine (B) Proline (C) Tryptophan (D) Tyrosine (E) Histidine

6. Human blood plasma contains about 7% protein. These plasma proteins have pK values close to 4 or 5. In the test tube, these proteins will form an insoluble precipitate after all of the following treatments except (A)Boiling the serum for 5 minutes (B) Adding sodium chloride to a concentration of 35% (C) Adjusting the pH to 4.5 (D) Boiling the serum with 6 N hydrochloric acid for 10 hours (E) Mixing one volume of plasma with two volumes of pure alcohol

7. The molecule 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is present in red blood cells, in which it binds noncovalently to hemoglobin. Which functional groups in hemoglobin can make the strongest noncovalent interactions with BPG at a pH value of 7.0? (A)Sulfhydryl groups (B) Alcoholic hydroxyl groups (C) Hydrocarbon groups (D) Amino groups (E) Carboxyl groups

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