8. In flowers with sepals, petals, and stamens attached below the ovary, the ovary is said to be:
(A) hypogynous.
(B) epigynous.
(C) inferior.
(D) perigynous.
(E) superior.

4. A sclerenchyma cell must be very strong to function, so it has a (A) Primary wall only (B) Primary wall, plus a secondary wall that contains only cellulose (C) Primary wall, plus a secondary wall that contains cellulose and hemicelluloses (D) Primary wall, plus a secondary wall that contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin (E) Secondary wall only

5. The pathway that an amino acid takes after entering a cell until found on the surface of a carnivorous plant leaf is (A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum → ER vesicle → dictyosome → secretion vesicle → leaf surface (B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → ER vesicle → dictyosome → secretion vesicle → leaf surface (C) ER vesicle → rough endoplasmic reticulum → smooth endoplasmic reticululm → dictyosome leaf surface (D) Dictyosome →→ rough endoplasmic reticulum → ER vesicle → smooth endoplasmic reticulum → secretion vesicle → leaf surface (E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum dictyosome → leaf surface

6. Which of the following statements about algal blooms is FALSE? (A) Some are known as brown tides. (B) They are associated with water disturbed by humans. (C) The frequency of marine algal blooms has decreased globally. (D) They occur when algal growth is unchecked. (E) They are often correlated with the release of toxic compounds.

7. Which of the following statements about gymnosperms is FALSE? (A) Gymnosperm means "naked seed." (B) Ovules and seeds are exposed on the surface of sporophylls. (C) The female gametophyte produces several archegonia. (D) The male gametophyte produces several antheridia. (E) The male gametophyte is endosporic.

9. What is the apparent function of most secondary plant products? (A) attracting pollinators (B) facilitating fruit or seed dispersal (C) restricting the palatability of the plant to herbivores (D) serving as plant hormones (E) serving as sources of energy for the plant

10. The root and shoot apical meristems first become discernible during the transition between the _ and _. (A) globular stage; torpedo stage (B) proembryo; globular stage (C) heart stage; globular stage (D) torpedo stage; embryo proper (E) torpedo stage; proembryo

11. An example of programmed cell death is the differentiation of: (A) parenchyma cells. (B) collenchyma cells. (C) cells of the cortex. (D) the secondary cell wall. (E) tracheary elements.

12. Which of following lists the correct root developmental sequence during primary plant body, the formation of (I) lateral root; (II) the cortex; (III) the epidermis; (IV) the stele? (A) I, IV, II, III (B) III, II, IV, I (C) III, I, II, IV (D) I, III, II, IV (E) II, III, I, IV 

1. Which of the following statements is correct? Refer to the structure shown below: (A) nine 1º carbons, two 2º carbons, two 3º carbons, and two 4º carbons (B) eight 1º carbons, two 2º carbons, three 3º carbons, and two 4º carbons (C) eight 1º carbons, two 2º carbons, one 3º carbons, and two 4º carbons (D) eight 1º carbons, two 2º carbons, two 3º carbons, and two 4º carbons (E) eight 1º carbons, two 2º carbons, two 3º carbons, and one 4º carbons

2. Which of the following has an   INCORRECT   IUPAC name?  (A) (B)(C)(D)(E)