8. When the candidates for the Republican presidential nomination line up on stage for their first debate in August, there may be three contenders whose fathers also ran for president. Whoever wins may face the wife of a former president next year. It is odd that a country founded on the principle of hostility to inherited status should be so________of dynasties.
(A) tolerant
(B) ignorant
(C) detestable
(D) vulnerable

1. Overfishing is reaching ____ levels. According to a recent study, stocks of the biggest predatory species, such as tuna and swordfish, may have fallen by 90% since the 1950s.(A) egalitarian (B) concluding (C) catastrophic (D) soothing

2. A lot of people rely on fish as part of their regular diet. About 3 billion of the Earth's inhabitants get a fifth or more of their _______ from fish—which means that fish are a bigger source of the stuff than beef is.(A) preservation (B) probation (C) protection (D) protein

3. The difficulty is, in part, a consequence of the problem known as the tragedy of the commons, whereby a commonly held resource is over-exploited. Governments, in thrall to fishing lobbies which are more concerned with making money today than preserving fish stocks for the future, set unrealistic quotas, and there is a lot of illegal fishing too, conducted without _______ in controlled waters.(A) permission (B) hermits (C) promiscuity (D) promotion

4. The Pew Charitable Trusts, an American research group, estimates that one fish in five sold in a shop or served in a restaurant has been caught illegally. That _______ 26m tons of fishes a year, worth more than $23 billion.(A) compares to (B) amounts to (C) adheres to (D) abides by

5. Until now, trying to stop this illegal trade has been more or less futile. The oceans are vast. Navies and coastguard patrols are small. Even finding those who are up to no good has been hard. That, though, is changing through the use of "bid data." It is now feasible to synthesise information from sources such as radio transponders and satellite observations, in order to track every ocean-going _______ that is, or might be, a fishing boat.(A) missile (B) vaseline (C) vase (D) vessel

6. The march in Paris after the massacre at Charlie Hebdo was supposed to display international solidarity over the right of free  _______.(A) extinction (B) expression (C) express (D) exclusion

7. Terrorism was the main issue in the Paris attacks, which targeted a kosher shop as well as a magazine. But the subsidiary row they ignited - about the parameters of free speech - has been stoked rather than soothed by their aftermath, and continues to _______ the world.(A) peel (B) roil (C) spoil (D) nail

9. Thomas Jefferson drew a distinction between a natural aristocracy of the virtuous and talented, which was a blessing to a nation, and an________ aristocracy found on wealth and birth, which would slowly strangle it.(A) allocation (B) arsenal (C) artful (D) artificial

10. Now Americans are beginning to find out, because today's rich increasingly pass on to their children an asset that cannot be fritted away in a few nights at a casino. It is far more useful than wealth, and invulnerable to________tax. It is brains.(A) inheritance (B) coherence (C) inhabitant (D) insistence

11. The rougher________ , the less cargo a ship may carry.(A) the sea (B) is the sea (C) of the sea (D) to the sea

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