軍人&預官◆英文題庫下載題庫

Sustainability is the capacity to endure through renewal, maintenance, and sustenance, or nourishment. 14 , durability refers to the capacity to endure through constant resistance to change. For humans in social systems or ecosystems, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It encompasses the concept of stewardship, the responsible management of resource use. In ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse, robust, and productive 15 , a necessary precondition for the well-being of humans and other organisms. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are 16 of sustainable biological systems. Robust, diverse, productive ecosystems and environments provide vital resources and processes, 17 "ecosystem services." There are two major ways of managing human impact on ecosystem services. One approach is environmental management; this approach is based largely on information gained from educated professionals in earth science, environmental science, and conservation biology. 18 approach is management of consumption of resources, which is based largely on information gained from educated professionals in economics. Both try to reduce negative human impact on the environment, though in different ways.