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高中(學測,指考)◆英文題庫下載題庫

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第 44 至 47 題為題組 Imagine two bottlenose dolphins swimming in the Gulf of Mexico. You hear a series of clicks, whistles,and whines coming from each, much like a conversation. We can’t be sure what they are discussing, but scientists do believe dolphins call each other by “name.” A recent study suggests the marine mammals not only produce their own unique “signature whistles,” but they also recognize and mimic whistles of other dolphins they are close to and want to see again. It seems that dolphins can call those they know by mimicking their distinct whistles. “They’re abstract names,” said Randall Wells, one of the authors of the study. To conduct the study, the researchers listened to recordings of about 250 wild bottlenose dolphins made around Florida’s Sarasota Bay from 1984 to 2009, and four captive dolphins at a nearby aquarium. Some wild dolphins were briefly captured and held in separate nets by the research team, allowing them to hear but not see each other. Researchers found that dolphins familiar with each other would mimic the whistle of another in that group when they were separated. Most of this took place among mothers and calves, or among males who were close associates, suggesting it was affiliative and not aggressive— somewhat like calling out the name of a missing child or friend. Whistle copying of this sort was not found in dolphins that happened to cross paths in the wild. This use of vocal copying is similar to its use in human language, where the maintenance of social bonds appears to be more important than the immediate defense of resources. This helps differentiate dolphins’ vocal learning from that of birds, which tend to address one another in a more “aggressive context.” If confirmed, this would be a level of communication rarely found in nature. If dolphins can identify themselves and address friends with just a few squeaks, it’s easy to imagine what else they’re saying. However, as the authors of the study point out, all we can do right now is still imagine.
【題組】44. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A)Bottlenose dolphins show strong ties to their family members.
(B) Bottlenose dolphins recognize their friends’ voices in the wild.
(C) Bottlenose dolphins produce whistles that distinguish themselves.
(D)Bottlenose dolphins demonstrate a unique type of animal communication.

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難度： 簡單

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 【站僕】摩檸Morning：有沒有達人來解釋一下?
倒數 3天 ,已有 1 則答案
uu(已上榜) 高三下 (2023/09/08):

想像兩隻瓶鼻海豚在墨西哥灣悠游。你聽到牠們發出一聲聲尖鳴、哨聲及長嘶，好像對話一般。我們無法確定牠們在談論什麼，但科學家相信海豚們能呼喚彼此的「名字」。

　　最近的研究指出，這群海洋哺乳類不僅能夠發出自己獨特的「招牌哨音」，還能辨識並模仿其他牠們親近或想再見面的海豚的哨音。這些海豚似乎能夠透過模仿哨音來呼喚熟識的海豚。此研究的其中一位發起人Randall Wells表示：「這些哨音是牠們抽象的名字」。

　　為了做實驗，研究人員聆聽1984至2009年間佛羅里達薩拉索塔海灣約250隻及其鄰近水族館所豢養的4隻瓶鼻海豚的錄音檔。一些野生海豚被研究團隊暫時捕捉起來並安置在不同網中，讓牠們聽得見卻看不見彼此。研究人員發現這群海豚被分開來時，會模仿熟識海豚的哨音。這主要發生在母子或親密的公海豚之間，顯示這是一種表示友好而非侵略性的行為──有點像在呼喚失蹤的孩子或朋友一般。這種模仿哨音的行為未曾在野外偶然相遇的海豚群之間發現過。

　　此哨音模仿行為與人類語言的功用相似，其維繫社交關係的作用顯然比立即的資源保衛更加重要。這有助於區分海豚與鳥類聲音學習的差別，因為鳥類學舌通常是在傳達較具侵略性的訊息。

　　如果這項假定獲得證實，這便會成為自然間罕見的溝通方式。如果海豚能藉由幾聲尖鳴來表明自己的身分或對朋友說話，那麼便不難想像牠們其他的說話內容了。然而，正如研究發起人們指出，我們現在所能做的仍然只有想像而已。
本文的主旨為何？
(A) 瓶鼻海豚和家人有緊密的關係。
(B) 瓶鼻海豚在野外能辨識出朋友的聲音。
(C) 瓶鼻海豚會發出自己特有的哨音。
(D) 瓶鼻海豚展現出獨特的動物溝通法。
【說明】由全文得知本文在說明瓶鼻海豚以模仿哨音與同伴溝通的獨特方式，因此答案應選(D)。
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第 44 至 47 題為題組 Imagine two bottlenose d..-阿摩線上測驗