第 3 頁，共 4 頁
五、篇章結構(共 8 題，計 16 分)
(34~37)
Psychologist B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) is recognized as
one of the most influential American psychologists and
behaviorists. His theory of operant conditioning has had a
great impact on what we know about human behaviors
today. 34 Instead, he believed that it was more
significant to study human behavior by examining an
individual’s external behavior.
Skinner conducted his famous experiments with
animals being placed in a “skinner box”, a laboratory
chamber designed to study behavior conditioning. 35
Responses from the environment would affect the
probability of a repeated behavior. If a behavior was
reinforced, it was likely to occur again. In contrast, nonreinforced
behaviors might not be repeated and might even
die out eventually.
Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning can be
applied to explain why some learner behaviors are repeated
or weakened in the classrooms. 36 Skinner’s theory
fails to account for the fact that human beings are strongly
influenced by their mental thinking processes and their
peers. 37 Despite the fact that Skinner’s theory can
not account for all human behaviors, it is undeniable that it
has demonstrated that the environment is influential
enough to strengthen, weaken or modify human behaviors.
(34~37 選項區)
ⒶHowever, research today has shown that human behavior
cannot be explained simply by behavioral conditioning.
ⒷSkinner highlighted that learning was primarily based on
trial and error learning.
ⒸNeither can it explain why human beings can learn to
perform a task simply by watching others do it.
ⒹHe proposed that individuals did not have a mind that
caused an action and its related effects to occur. 【題組】 34
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