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Chiropractors are best known for treating back and neck pain. Though it’s a controversial notion, some chiropractors are aggressively 16 themselves as holistic, primary-care healer who can treat a broad scope of 17 ranging from acid reflux to infertility. Others in the field say chiropractors should focus on musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain, 18 evidence for efficacy is the strongest. Though conventional practitioners have often scorned them 19 making unfounded claims, chiropractors are now 20 as mainstream health-care providers. Many health plans now cover their services, and they regularly care for clients ranging from the 21 ill to professional athletes. An estimated 8.6 percent of adults in the U.S. have used chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, 22 the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Chiropractors typically apply a sudden force to a region of the spine to help 23 a stiff joint, which they say allows the body’s natural healing process to take over. During an initial visit, the chiropractor typically takes a health history and 24 a physical exam, focusing on the spine. X-rays may be taken, and spinal adjustments may be applied 25 a patient lying face down or sideways on a table.