9 According to the 2021 World Press Freedom Index, how many countries in the world where freedom of speech in the media is partly or completely restricted?
(A) 50-70.
(B) Less than 50.
(C) More than 100.
(D) 70-100.

1 Which of the following scholars published the book Mass Communications and American Empire in 1969, in which he argues that the global expansion of the American communication industry results in the loss of cultural sovereignty of the developing countries? (A) Daniel Lerner. (B) Herbert Schiller. (C) John Tomlinson. (D) Immanuel Wallerstein.

2 Which of the following statements about the domestication of news is correct? (A) It is usually used in reporting criminal cases. (B) It is a public diplomacy means to evoke the empathy of audiences in other countries. (C) It is a process in which journalists construct the relationships between foreign incidents and local audiences. (D) It refers to the socialization process of news workers.

3 Which of the following statements with regard to Al Jazeera, an international Arabic news channel based in Doha, Qatar is correct? (A) It offers pan-Arabic viewpoints different from those offered by Western media. (B) The news is subject to the direction by the radical religious groups in the Arab world. (C) It does not have a Chinese website. (D) Its programs or reports do not touch upon the taboo issues in the Islamic world.

4 Which of the following statements with regard to the digital divide among countries is correct? (A) The problem caused by the digital divide is the least obvious in Africa. (B) The digital development of the countries with poor economic conditions has been apparently marginalized. (C) There is no international discussion about or even action on the solution to the problem caused by the digital divide. (D) The digital divide is not the focus of transnational governance, thus posing no threat.

5 Based on the World System Theory, which of the following statements about international information flows is correct? (A) News information flows are more symmetric between two power-parallel nations. (B) News information would never flow between two power-nonparallel nations. (C) News information would flow between two power-nonparallel nations only if they become powerparallel. (D) News information would flow across the national boundaries at ease and without restrictions.

6 Which of the following schools of thought believes that emerging countries should emulate the Western modernization and ways of life, and it encourages and supports the emerging countries to construct their media infrastructures? (A) Globalization. (B) Cultural imperialism. (C) Development communication. (D) World system theories.

7 The film production hub in which of the following countries is known as “Wellywood”? (A) India. (B) The United Kingdom. (C) Canada. (D) New Zealand.

8 Which of the following international events in the 1990s established CNN its crucial status in the international news flow by the provision of a huge amount of real-time coverage? (A) The disintegration of the Soviet Union. (B) The Gulf War. (C) The reunion of East and West Germany. (D) The Northern Irish guerrilla warfare.

10 Which of the following statements about the U.S. Freedom of Information Act is correct? (A) Non-U.S. citizens or entities can also make a request. (B) It can be applied not only to the journalists. (C) It mandates that an agency under request should fully disclose its previously withheld or concealed information. (D) It preempts no excuses from this federal law.

11 Social media platforms are an emerging international media. Which of the following statements about social media platforms is NOT correct? (A) Twitter removed 150,000 accounts that touted People’s Republic of China in June 2020 for being highly involved in disinformation dissemination. (B) Former U.S. President Trump was suspended or blocked by Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube for his improper speech. (C) In early 2021, YouTube removed nearly 3,000 accounts on account of sending error messages by the users. (D) Facebook has set up the Oversight Board, which can suspend users’ accounts, in order to deal with content disputes.

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