9. Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?
(A) nuclear envelope
(B) chloroplast
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) endoplasmic reticulum

5. Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? (A) mitochondria (B) ribosomes (C) chloroplasts (D) endoplasmic reticulum

6. What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? (A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. (B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. (C) It synthesizes secreted proteins. (D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

7. The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a chemical treatment caused the lamina to disassemble, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence? (A) closing of nuclear pores (B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division (C) a loss of genetic information from chromosomes (D) a change in the shape of the nucleus

8. A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely. (A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion (B) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol (C) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix (D) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole

10. Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? (A) lysosome (B) mitochondrion (C) Golgi apparatus (D) peroxisome

11. Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _______. (A) chloroplasts (B) mitochondria (C) lysosomes (D) nuclei

12. The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _________. (A) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts (B) endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen - the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts (C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria (D) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

13. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through ________. (A) plasmodesmata (B) tight junctions (C) desmosomes (D) gap junctions

14. Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls? (A) desmosomes (B) gap junctions (C) plasmodesmata (D) tight junctions

15. The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells, and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following characteristics are common to all of these extracellular structures? (A) They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. (B) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. (C) They are constructed of materials that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly. (D) They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides.