四、閱讀測驗：請依據文章內容，選出最適當的答案。
Passage 1: Questions 41-45
Nowadays, many people have the problem of not having enough sleep. Research shows that
one out of five American people have the problem of sleep deprivation.
If you’ve ever come close to nodding off in the boardroom or behind the wheel, you know
that the effects of sleep deprivation can range from embarrassing to downright terrifying. But are
we really putting ourselves and others at risk, however inadvertently? Statistics show that sleep
deprivation really can be life-threatening. In fact, sleep deprivation is the single most dangerous
aspect of any sleep disorder, because you have no idea that you are compromised cognitively,
physically and emotionally.
Three distinct areas of life may be affected by sleep deprivation. First, and probably the most
life-threatening, is reaction time. People who operate heavy equipment or drive any kind of vehicle
are likely to have dulled reaction times when sleep-deprived, making them more prone to accidents.
In fact, recent research has found drowsy driving to be just as risky as drunk driving. So you might
want to think twice before staying up late to catch the end of that football game. Besides,
cognition—how we think, retain memories, process information and make decisions—is negatively
impacted by sleep deprivation. Emotions are also greatly heightened by lack of quality sleep.
Everything from anger to sadness to frustration all get blown out of proportion, making a potentially
bad situation even much worse.
What can people do to fix the problem? You could just try going to bed earlier. But a late
bedtime is hardly the only cause of sleep deprivation. Others include stress, environmental factors
(a snoring spouse; an excessively warm bedroom) and poor diet (heartburn; excessive alcohol; too
much caffeine).
There’s no one “ideal” amount of sleep. Some people function just fine on seven hours,
whereas others need a heftier nine. In general, the minimum number of hours is six. To identify
your ideal time for lights-out, sleep experts suggest that you count backwards about seven and a
half hours from your required wake-up time. “If you wake up five minutes before your alarm goes
off, you’ve nailed it.” By the same token, if you rise feeling refreshed, you’re right on the money. If
not, you’re probably sleep-deprived, which can lead to those cognitive, reaction and emotional
issues discussed above.
Sleep often seems negotiable, but our bodies and minds really need the consistency of a quality
night’s rest to prepare and reboot for the coming day. So take an honest look at your sleep hygiene.
Chances are, you can make a few changes to get more sleep. Of course, if problems persist, you
may want to consult your doctor. We all need to be at our thinking, feeling and reacting best in order
to thrive and stay safe. In most cases, a little extra shut-eye may get you there! Sleep tight!
【題組】41. What is the article mainly about?
(A) Cognition and emotion in sleep.
(B) Difficulties in handling sleep deprivation.
(C) Amount of sleep needed for ordinary people.
(D) Reasons why people oversleep and ways to fix it.
(E) Dangers of insufficient sleep and some possible solutions.
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