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All education systems may ultimately be judged in terms of equality of opportunity. This is often referred to in the debates over selective versus comprehensive schooling. The main issue is whether everyone has the same opportunities for educational achievement or whether __(36)__ of one sort or another is __(37)__ the system. League tables for schools and colleges may actually help unintentionally to__(38)__ inequalities, while claiming to promote the raising of standards. Inevitably, league tables divide educational institutions into good and bad, successful and failing, resulting in a two-tier system, or at least that is how the public__(39)__ it. The ability of better-off parents and well-endowed schools to push children towards the institutions at the top of the league may, in the long term, have the effect of depressing opportunity for the less well-off or for children from home environments that do not provide the push and motivation to excel. Financial support of different kinds can help to make educational opportunity more equal. There are, for example, scholarships or bursaries that make it possible for less__(40)__ youngsters to afford tertiary education. Student loans allow undergraduates to pay for their tuition fees and living expenses while they are studying. But few would claim that real equality of opportunity has been achieved.
【題組】36.
(A) egoism
(B) aphorism
(C) altruism
(D) elitism

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 【站僕】摩檸Morning：有沒有達人來解釋一下?
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炸蝦 小二下 (2024/08/04):
The main issue is whether everyone has the same opportunities for educational achievement or whether elitism of one sort or another is inherent in the system. 
主要問題是每個人是否都擁有同等的獲得教育成就的機會，或者某種精英主義是否是體制中固有的。
 
菁英主義（Elitism）:認為應該由少數具備知識、財富與地位的社會菁英，來進行政治決策，主導社會走向。其同義詞為寡頭政治，其反義詞為民粹主義。
 
elitism(n.)精英主義
The accusation of elitism seems unfair as the festival presents a wide range of music, with something to please everyone.
對這個音樂節的精英主義指責似乎是不公平的，因為音樂節上展示了種類廣泛的音樂，每個人都可以找到自己喜歡的東西。
The plan, which includes banning skateboards from the park, has drawn charges of elitism.
該計劃包括禁止在公園內使用滑板，這招致了指責，認為是在奉行精英主義。
 
al ( 其他的) 與ism ( 主義) 結合而來。
altruism(n.)利他主義；無私
She's not known for her altruism.她並不是一個無私的人。
 
altruistic(a.) 無私的、利他的
Her altruistic nature led her to become a volunteer at the local hospital.
她的利他主義天性使她成為當地醫院的一名志願者。
I doubt whether her motives for donating the money are altruistic - she's probably looking for publicity.
我懷疑她捐錢的動機是否出於無私——很可能是沽名釣譽罷了。
 
altruistically  (adv.)無私地、利他地
He altruistically offered to help his neighbor with their grocery shopping.
他無私地提出要幫助他的鄰居購買食品雜貨。
 
字根Ego:I 我
egoism(n.)
1.自我本位，利己主義
They seemed to love the land and the people with a sort of fierce egoism.
他們似乎是帶著強烈的利己主義來愛這裡的人和土地的。
2.自負，自大
Joel turned down all offers of help he badly needed because of his excessive egoism.
由於極度的自大，喬爾拒絕了所有他極需要的幫助。

Egotist(n.)自我主義者；自高自大者
Politicians are notorious egotists.政客們是一幫惡名昭彰的自我主義者。
 
ego + manic
egomaniac(n.)自大狂，極端自我主義者
 
aphorism(n.)格言；警句；箴言
More haste, less speed is a popular aphorism. ”欲速則不達“是一則常見的格言。
 
資料來源
https://seventeen5.co/1205/#altruism_%E7%84%A1%E7%A7%81%E3%80%81%E5%88%A9%E4%BB%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_n
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All education systems may ultimately be ..-阿摩線上測驗