I. Synonym: Please choose the word which is closest in meaning to the underlined word. (5%)

1. gullible:
(A) abominable
(B) credulous
(C) protuberant
(D) truculent

2. sordid: (A) filthy (B) gyrate (C) jocund (D) nugatory

3. malicious: (A) cogent (B) esoteric (C) spiteful (D) waggish

4. voracious: (A) bereft (B) conspicuous (C) hortative (D) ravenous

5. erudite: (A) alabaster (B) blithe (C) scholarly (D) pastoral

62. In the realm of microbiology, bacteriophages, or phages, play a pivotal role in a specialized biomedical application known as phage therapy. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, and their unique ability to target specific bacterial strains makes them valuable tools for combating bacterial infections. Phage therapy involves utilizing these viruses to treat bacterial infections in a highly targeted manner, offering an alternative to traditional antibiotics. This specialized biomedical intervention has gained renewed interest as researchers explore personalized medicine, tailoring bacteriophages to individual patients based on the specific bacterial strains causing infections. The potential of phage therapy lies in its specificity and ability to evolve alongside bacteria, presenting a promising avenue in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Which of the following statements best explains why doctors are increasingly interested in phage therapy? (A) Phage therapy is a valuable tool for combatting bacterial infections. (B) It is based in microbiology and makes use of bacteriophages. (C) It is the only way to combat illnesses caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. (D) Phage therapy can be personalized to address the needs of individual patients, making it a potential solution for unique or difficult-to-fight infections.

61. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Housing policy is a significant issue that local governments deal with, as making sure everyone has a decent place to live is an important general priority. • Many regions have a shortage of affordable housing—the full time (40 hours a week/52 weeks a year) "housing wage" that a person would need to earn in order for a two-bedroom rental unit to be affordable by the official government standard is far higher than average wages. • An "affordable dwelling" varies from city to city but is defined as one that a household can obtain for 30% or less of its income.  • Two basic types of policies that could make a difference in housing affordability are the government directly giving money or discounted housing to low-income families and increasing the number of dwellings in a given area by relaxing restrictions on the size of buildings that can be built, or by relaxing restrictions that mandate minimum sizes of individual dwelling units. Most cities tend to have several zoning rules that artificially restrict the supply of housing. The student wants to emphasize the potential role of local government in creating affordable housing. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?  (A) Everyone deserves a decent place to live and affordable housing uplifts residents, encourages social connections, reduces overcrowding, and local governments are the ones who should take the lead to provide it.  (B) For a home to be "affordable," it should not cost more than 30% of the household income to buy or rent. (C) Local governments can pass measures to increase the opportunities for affordable housing by creating policies that work for their constituents. (D) The definition of affordable housing is not the same from state to state because the cost of living varies from state to state, so local governments must work to find out the numbers for their own town's residents.

複選題60.(AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations have disrupted the continuity necessary for such ambitious undertakings. (AC) Commercial commitments, international commitments and now the government—all three working together is what’s really enabled humans to get to this point. (AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition involving a diverse array of nations with their own strategic lunar objectives. (AE) While Artemis II is a lunar flyby rather than a landing, it marks a significant milestone: the first crewed mission to the lunar vicinity since the Apollo program in 1972. (BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure and specialized expertise that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists, making a direct replication of 1960s technology impractical. (BD) The protracted interval between these landmark missions is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will and shifting national priorities.   (BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems capable of operating in the lunar environment for extended periods.

複選題59.(AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations have disrupted the continuity necessary for such ambitious undertakings. (AC) Commercial commitments, international commitments and now the government—all three working together is what’s really enabled humans to get to this point. (AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition involving a diverse array of nations with their own strategic lunar objectives. (AE) While Artemis II is a lunar flyby rather than a landing, it marks a significant milestone: the first crewed mission to the lunar vicinity since the Apollo program in 1972. (BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure and specialized expertise that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists, making a direct replication of 1960s technology impractical. (BD) The protracted interval between these landmark missions is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will and shifting national priorities.   (BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems capable of operating in the lunar environment for extended periods.

複選題58.(AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations have disrupted the continuity necessary for such ambitious undertakings. (AC) Commercial commitments, international commitments and now the government—all three working together is what’s really enabled humans to get to this point. (AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition involving a diverse array of nations with their own strategic lunar objectives. (AE) While Artemis II is a lunar flyby rather than a landing, it marks a significant milestone: the first crewed mission to the lunar vicinity since the Apollo program in 1972. (BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure and specialized expertise that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists, making a direct replication of 1960s technology impractical. (BD) The protracted interval between these landmark missions is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will and shifting national priorities.   (BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems capable of operating in the lunar environment for extended periods.

複選題57.(AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations have disrupted the continuity necessary for such ambitious undertakings. (AC) Commercial commitments, international commitments and now the government—all three working together is what’s really enabled humans to get to this point. (AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition involving a diverse array of nations with their own strategic lunar objectives. (AE) While Artemis II is a lunar flyby rather than a landing, it marks a significant milestone: the first crewed mission to the lunar vicinity since the Apollo program in 1972. (BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure and specialized expertise that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists, making a direct replication of 1960s technology impractical. (BD) The protracted interval between these landmark missions is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will and shifting national priorities.   (BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems capable of operating in the lunar environment for extended periods.

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