II. Cloze Hypnosis is an intriguing and fascinating process. A 10 -like mental state is induced in one
person by another, who appears to have the power to command that person to obey instructions without
question. Hypnotic experiences were described by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, while references to
deep sleep and 11 have been found in the Bible and in the Jewish Talmud. In the mid-1700s, Franz
Mesmer, an Austrian physician, developed his theory of animal magnetism, which was the belief 12 the cause of disease was the improper distribution of invisible magnetic fluids. Mesmer used water tubs
and magnetic wands to direct these supposed fluids to his patients. In 1784, a French 13 studied
Mesmer’s claims, and concluded that these cures were only imagined by the patients. However, people
continued to believe in this process of “mesmerism” and it was soon realized that successful results could
be achieved, but without the need for magnets and water.
The 14 hypnotism was first used by James Braid, a British physician who studied suggestion and
hypnosis in the mid-1800s. He demonstrated that hypnosis differed from sleep, that it was a 15 response and not the result of secret powers. During this same period, James Esdaile, a Scottish doctor
working in India, used hypnotism instead of anesthetic in over 200 major surgical operations, including
leg 16 . Later that century, a French 17 , Jean Charcot, successfully experimented with hypnosis in
his clinic for nervous disorders. Since then, scientists have shown that the state of hypnosis is a natural human behavior, 18 can
affect psychological, social and physical experiences. The effects of hypnotism depend on the ability,
willingness and motivation of the person being hypnotized. Although hypnosis has been compared to
dreaming and sleepwalking, it is not actually related to sleep. It involves a more active and intense mental
concentration of the person being hypnotized. 19 people can talk, write, and walk about and they are
usually fully aware of what is being said and done.
【題組】19. (A) Hypnotizing (B) To hypnotize (C) Hypnotized (D) Hypnotizes
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