So central is language to political organization that in many societies defining the language has become tantamount to defining nationality.
(A)The language issue has become a central topic essential to political organizations.
(B)In many societies a person’s nationality can be defined by the language he speaks.
(C)The language has been used to determine whether one is patriotic to one’s nation.
(D)The language has been defined as a tool for the nation to unify political organizations.

28(A)subjective (B)objective (C)positive (D)negative

29(A)proficient (B)deficient (C)efficient (D)sufficient

30(A)Delinquent (B)Subsequent (C)Succinct (D)Deferential

The trees have been cut down in large amounts. The _____ of the world’s rain forests becomes a serious problem. (A)depreciation (B)deformation (C)deforestation (D)decomposition

It would be a case of the tail wagging the dog if the school is completely controlled by the students’ demands. (A)The school demands the students to control the wagging dog. (B)The school should put the students’ demands under complete control. (C)The school should not be completely controlled by the students’ demands. (D)The students of the school demand to have a complete control over the wagging dog.

The great triumphs of technology and exploration begin as the dreams and hypotheses of bold thinkers. As economic and environmental pressures build on Earth, the dreams—a satellite, men and women in space, the first walk on the moon and Mars, space stations, and a shuttle—become an essential alternative. (A)Bold dreams and hypotheses produce technological success and explorations into the space. (B)Economic and environmental pressures will be replaced by explorations into the space. (C)Technology and exploration into space initially take the form of dreams and hypotheses, but become an alternative when Earth encounters problems. (D)Satellites, space stations, shuttles and other extraordinary adventures result in the dreams and hypotheses of bold thinkers.

Adversity has the effect of eliciting talent that in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant. (A)Advice from prosperous people may help to elicit one’s talent. (B)Talent is the dominant factor to make one prosperous. (C)One’s talent will be activated through hardship. (D)Prosperous circumstances lie in one’s talent.

Decades of research offer guidance _____ how physicians can incorporate aspects of the placebo effect to make accepted medicines more effective. (A)that (B)so that (C)as to (D)so as to

37(A)Such “per-can” charges provide an inducement to reduce waste, whether through recycling or other means. (B)A fairer way to encourage recycling is to price the costs of disposal accurately. (C)Instead, more and more local governments have mandated curbside separation. (D)Thus, they have no incentive to reduce their waste.

38(A)Accurate pricing would encourage people to reduce their waste.  (B)Recycling is the process of converting waste products into reusable materials.  (C)Instead, more and more local governments have mandated curbside separation. (D)Such “per-can” charges provide an inducement to reduce waste, whether through recycling or other means.