⑴不論是否為強制引水，船東都應對船舶或船舶航行之任何疏失所造成之任何損失 或損害負責。

⑷ Safe speed

四、Please write a short composition on “How to be a qualified pilot” in English.（about 300 words）（30 分）

⑴ It is a fact that very few casualties occur in pilot waters that do not involve some degree of acquiescence on the part of the master. In many cases, if the master had done no more than suggest that the pilot reduce speed in fog or clarify a proposed meeting arrangement with an approaching vessel, no accident would have occurred since the pilot will not refuse to handle a situation more safely in such conditions. In most reports of marine casualties it is obvious that the master was reluctant to get involved and allowed the pilot act alone until it was too late to avoid an accident.

⑵ Should the ship take a sheer, the anchor can be used to regain control and prevent collision or grounding. It is important, though, that the anchor not dig in when used at such a time, so minimize the amount of chain slacked. When the anchor is dragging properly the bow immediately steadies up and the rudder becomes more effective, the stern lifts away from the bank, and the sheer is broken.

⑵引水人遇有船長不合理之要求，或有其他正當理由不能執行業務時，得拒絕領航 其船舶。但應將具體事實，報告當地航政主管機關。

⑴ Vessel traffic services

⑵ Risk of collision

⑶ Tactical diameter

四、Please write a short composition on“Importance of Communication between Pilots and Ship’s Bridge Team”.(around 300 words)（30 分）

(四) Safe speed

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