申論題

一、翻譯：請將以下英文段落翻譯成中文，中文段落翻譯成英文。 

⑴ Beginning in the 1980s researchers started to realize that people are often influenced by earlier experiences without consciously being aware of the fact that they are remembering something. As a result of this revelation, scientists typically group retrieval into two categories: implicit and explicit memory. Implicit memory refers to a person retrieving information from his or her subconscious mind without trying to do so; explicit memory relates to the intentional recall of information or events.（20 分）