1. Class Action

詳解 (共 2 筆)

nomi

詳解 #6515822

2025/07/01

集體訴訟（class action、class suit、representative action、集團訴訟），也稱代表人訴訟，指的是訴訟各方中有一方是一群人，他們會派一名代表人代表眾多當事人來參與解決矛盾。

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集體訴訟最早有據可考的是出現在13世紀的英格蘭，多是因為一項工事影響了一群人，而處理這些案件又受時間、交通條件限制。後來18世紀時英格蘭法律變化巨大，集體案件變得難以處理，國會因此通過了一些法律，使得1850年後集體訴訟幾乎銷聲匿跡。但美國在美國最高法院法官約瑟夫·斯多利的影響下將集體訴訟的傳統沿襲了下來，並流傳至今。

Mina

詳解 #4961140

2021/07/31

【法律】集體訴訟，也稱代表人訴訟，指的是...

(共 125 字，隱藏中）

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二、英翻中(30%)(請以中文做答) There is concern among national regulators and policymakers and the Standards-Setting Bodies regarding the large-scale termination or restriction of relationships and lines of business by banks seeking to avoid (rather than to continuously manage) the relevant compliance, operational, and reputational risks as envisaged under the proportionate and risk-based approaches of global standards. The scope and drivers of the phenomenon- referred to by banks as "'de-risking"--are complex and relevant aspects have not yet been fully studied and publicly documented. At the same time, the effects on affected communities and counties could not only undermine financial inclusion but also potentially hold broader implications for the global financial system and for poverty reduction and economic development efforts. De-risking is tied in part to concerns about money laundering, terrorist financing, and sanctions. However, key stakeholders describe a much more complex dynamic involving profitability concerns (which in turn are affected by prudential and market conduct issues) and integrity issues. In addition to potential bank correspondent withdrawal, concerns over terminations of business relationships have also been raised in relation to a range of financial inclusion relevant customers, notably cross-border remittance providers and humanitarian organizations.

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1. Class Action

詳解 (共 2 筆)

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