(一)反向遺傳學（Reverse Genetics）策略。

(三)隱性上位基因（recessive epistasis gene）

(四)重複基因（duplicate gene）

(五)顯性抑制基因（dominant inhibitor gene）

二、請詳述茶之育種特性並舉例說明以雜交育種法進行品種改良之步驟。

(二)回交育種策略。

四、請詳述如何利用關聯性定位（association mapping）策略進行水稻耐鹽相 關數量性狀基因座之定位與驗證。

一、英譯中： Backaches, which lame an estimated 5.4 million Americans each year, have resisted all medical miracles. A leading treatment for recurring low back pain is still the sofa, upon which a patient is supposed to recline, usually for at least a week and often much longer, until the pain goes away. Lingering backaches keep more workers off the job than any other ailment, costing the nation $16 billion in medical bills and lost wages annually. But it now appears that you shouldn’t take a bad back lying down. Medical researchers in Sweden have shown that the best remedy for the most common type of backache is exercise,and that the afflicted should be active even if it hurts.

二、中譯英： 模擬遊戲中的角色扮演可能會扭曲玩家對現實的觀感。比方說，遊戲中玩家可能重複被對手刺死或是未能引爆炸彈而任務失敗，但在網絡空間，那不會造成問題，因為玩家可以隨心所欲地將遊戲倒帶，一直重玩遊戲中的事件直到他們採取了正確的行動，他們可能因此與現實脫節。

三、英文作文： While some suggest that parents should be legally punished for the poor parenting causing their children's delinquent behavior, some are against this idea. Write an essay in English of NO more than 300 words to explain whether you agree or disagree to this idea with arguments for both sides.

(一)請說明測距電驛21之工作原理。