(二) There are several methods and criteria for determining the country of origin of an imported goods. Goods naturally occurring in a country are deemed originating as “wholly produced” while processed goods have to undergo a substantial transformation to be originating. The substantial transformation criterion is universally recognized and can be described as a change of tariff classification, a specific value addition or specific manufacturing or processing operations.（15 分）

(二)行動電話（4 分）

(三)非洲豬瘟（英文縮寫為 ASF）（6 分）

(四)航空貨運主提單（英文縮寫為 MAWB）（6 分）

(一) The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of an automated Customs clearance process. Managing the clearance process remotely and digitally can minimize personal contact and thus protect the health of front-line workers supporting trade operations in the logistics chain. Those workers include customs brokers, freight forwarders, transport operators, and Customs officials.（15 分）

一、有一圓柱形土壤元素置於三軸試驗之儀器上如下圖所示，土壤之楊氏 係數 E = 50 MPa，柏松比ν = 0.4 。此元素於 xz 面受到-50 kPa 之圍 壓，如土壤之絕對最大剪應力 不能超過 80 kPa，則可施加於 y 方 向之最大軸壓應力 σ y 為何？其對應之最大剪應變 為何？其對應 之 y 方向應變 ε y 為何？（15 分）

二、有一矩形斷面懸臂梁，梁長度 L = 4 m，寬度 b = 40 cm，高度 h = 60 cm。 此梁於自由端受一集中載重 P = 2 MN 如圖所示。請計算出此梁 σx 之 最大張應力值及最大壓應力值。（20 分）

三、有一土壤元素處於平面應變之狀況，此元素於 xy 平面所受之應力如 下圖所示，試求此土壤元素於 xy 平面之最大主軸應力σ1 、最小主軸 應力 σ2 及此二主軸應力對應之角度，並將此二主軸應力繪製 於旋轉至主軸方向之應力元素上。（15 分）  提示：

一、請將下列有關「船舶入級」的英文敘述譯為中文：（20 分） （底線字須寫出正確中文） The objective of ship classification is to verify the structural strength and integrity of essential parts of the ship’s hull and its appendages, and the reliability and function of the propulsion and steering systems, power generation and those other features and auxiliary systems which have been built into the ship in order to maintain essential services on board for the purpose of safe operation of a ship. Classification Societies aim to achieve this objective through the development and application of their own rules and by verifying compliance with international and/or national statutory regulations on behalf of flag Administrations. However, Classification Societies are not guarantors of safety of life or property at sea or the seaworthiness of a vessel because the Classification Society has no control over how a vessel is operated and maintained in between the periodical surveys which it conducts.

二、請將下列有關「艙櫃試驗」的中文敘述譯為英文：（25 分） （底線字須寫出正確英文） 壓載艙及燃油艙之艙櫃試驗 (i) 在貨物區內的壓載水艙及作壓載水用的深艙應實施液壓試驗。燃油艙其代表性艙櫃應實施液壓試驗。 (ii) 驗船師認為必要時可擴大艙櫃試驗。 (iii)燃油艙應實施液壓試驗，液體水頭係為在使用情況下液體上升的最 高點。依據燃油艙櫃邊界的外部檢查滿意，以及船長的確認書說明已 依據要求實施壓力測試結果滿意，則燃油艙試驗可以特別考慮。

(一) Hull efficiency