(1) To end a hyperinflation, a government trying to reduce its reliance on seigniorage would raise taxes and cut spending.

(2) Suppose that 1 percent of the employed lose their jobs each month and 20 percent of the unemployed find a job each month. Then the steady-state rate of unemployment is 3%.

(3) The COVID-19 crisis is having a devastating effect on all economic sectors. Suppose that governments around the world begin to engage in expansionary fiscal policy (run large budget deficits) in order to stimulate economic activity in their countries. The fiscal expansion in the rest of the world would raise the world interest rate and lower domestic investment. As a result, the exchange rate will depreciate and the trade balance will move toward surplus. (Assume that the country starts from a position of trade balance.)

(4) If the per-worker production function is given by y = , the saving ratio is 0.3, and the depreciation rate is 0.1, then the steady-state ratio of output per worker (y) is

(5) Assume that the consumption function is given by C = 25 + 0.6(Y - T) and the tax function is given by T = t0 + t1Y. If t0 increases by 1 unit, then consumption decreases by 0.4 units.

(1) For James, good Y and good X are perfect complements, but in a ratio of 1:3； that is, for each unit of good Y, James wants exactly three units of good X. (2%)

(2) James gets utility only from his caffeine intake. He can consume good Y or good X, and good Y contains twice as much caffeine as good X. (2%) James has an incon me of M a month. The price of good X is Px per unit, and the price of good Y is Py per unit. What is James' budget line? (2%) What is the optimal choice of James for good Y and good X? (4%)

2. Lisa must consume some good X at least the amount of Xo every day. The utility function of Lisa is U(X,Y)=(X-X0)aYβ, and a +β = 1. Lisa has an income of M. The price of good X is Px, and the price of good Y is Py. When M ＞ Px* X0, what is the optimal choice of Lisa for good X and good Y? (5%)

(1) If Mary can use $5 to purchase the insurance to avoid her loss. Should Mary purchase the insurance? (3%)

(2) Mary drives less carefully after purchasing the insurance. The probability of a car accident increases to 30%. The insurance company also increases Mary's insurance fee from $5 to $20. Should Mary purchase the insurance? (3%) What is the fair insurance fee in this condition? (3%)

(1) Consider an increase in government purchases of △G. What the magnitude of the level of income is raised at any given interest rate by this change in policy. (3%)

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