⑵鉛污染區 施用大量磷酸鹽；

⑶重金屬污染區施用鹽酸酸洗。（20 分

一、 WASHINGTON (AP) — Remember biology class where you learned that children inherit one copy of a gene from mom and a second from dad? There's a twist: Some of those genes arrive switched off, so there is no backup if the other copy goes bad, making you more vulnerable to disorders from obesity to cancer.                Duke University scientists now have identified these "silenced genes," creating the first map of this unique group of about 200 genes believed to play a profound role in people's health.        More intriguing, the work marks an important step in studying how our environment — food, stress, pollution — interacts with genes to help determine why some people get sick and others do not.

二、 U.S. Senator Trent Lott’s sudden decision to retire from public office has Washington’s lobbying industry salivating at the prospect that the Mississippi lawmaker may join the millionaire’s row on K Street. That’s where more and more congressional alumni have been hanging their backslapper’s shingle to lobby old buddies. Mr. Lott’s planned departure — conveniently ahead of the new two-year wait before a retired senator can lobby — is shedding light on Capitol Hill’s quasi-aristocracy of ex-incumbents who never return home and stay close by to work politics from its more lucrative shadow world.          By last count, the lobbying ranks include 37 former senators and 158 graduates of the House, with fresh enlistments expected from the dozens of current members planning to quit before the expected watershed election next year.         It’s important to shine a light on lobbying, more than to belabor this inevitable calling. The Senate, in fact, voted to require more lobbyist disclosure this year and to double its one-year moratorium before alumni can lobby.

三、 A decade ago, James A. Thomson was the first to isolate human embryonic stem cells. Last week, he announced one of the great scientific breakthroughs since the discovery of DNA: an embryo-free way to produce genetically matched stem cells.        Even a scientist who cares not a whit about the morality of embryo destruction will adopt this technique because it is so simple and powerful.        The embryonic stem cell debate is over. This allows a bit of reflection on the storm that has raged ever since the August 2001 announcement of President Bush's stem cell policy. The verdict is clear: Rarely has a president — so vilified for a moral stance — been so thoroughly vindicated.

四、 Hydrocarbon fuels (chiefly coal, oil and natural gas) were first used to create energy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, as mankind began to run short of traditional fuels like wood and whale oil. The new fuels contained more latent energy than any previously discovered, but they also came with a flaw: the carbon emissions that are an unavoidable by-product of their combustion.          These gases build up in the planet’s atmosphere, where they act like the panes of glass on a greenhouse, allowing the sun’s warmth in but not back out. As heat that would ordinarily radiate off into space is instead reflected once again toward the planet’s surface, temperatures begin to rise and the globe begins to warm.           Two of the sharpest spears created by global warming — flooding and drought — account for more than half the world’s deaths from natural disaster. Nations whose land lies close to sea level, like the Netherlands, Bangladesh and Indonesia, are at great risk, as are locations where natural barriers against water have been degraded by man. Scientists believe that Hurricane Katrina would have packed a far less devastating punch if the wetlands that buffer New Orleans from the Gulf of Mexico had not been removed by imprudent levee-building and oil and gas development.

一、台北市 A 電視台播放未加註記「飲酒過量，有害健康」等相關警語之廣告，致遭 台北市政府處壹百萬元罰鍰。A 對此罰鍰處分，若逾期提起訴願，受理訴願之機關 應如何處理？又 A 逾期提出訴願五日後，才發現台北市政府處壹百萬元之罰鍰處分， 違反菸酒管理法第 55 條最高僅得處五十萬元之規定。此時，A 有無救濟途徑，試 分析說明之。（25 分）

二、在訴願程序中，可否成立和解以終結訴願程序？試依學理與實務分析說明之。 （25 分）

三、A 為 B 大學學生，B 以 A 在學期中缺課九週，違反該校學則，缺課不得高於全學期 授課時數三分之一（即六週）之規定，將 A 該學期所有必修、選修科目，均予扣考， 以零分計算，致 A 不及格學分數，在連續兩學期中均達二分之一以上，而受到 B 大學之退學處分。A 收到退學處分後，以其缺課時數僅有四週，而學校計算有誤， 乃提起確認該退學處分為違法之行政訴訟。本案應如何審理，試分析說明之。 （25 分）

四、甲航運公司油船在高雄港外海發生漏油污染事件，致乙農民在高雄縣某鄉附近海域 養殖之魚類大量死亡。乙及其居住在台北市之友人丙乃以書面將相關情形，分別告 知高雄縣政府及行政院環境保護署，但久久不見相關機關之油污清除行為，本案乙、 丙有無法律救濟途徑，試分別析述之。（25 分）

一、何謂閱聽人商品？請舉例說明傳播產業近年來如何運用閱聽人商品，創造利基？ 該運用趨勢對傳播產業與閱聽人影響為何？（25 分）

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