Evidence – Based Psychotherapy or Assessment 指的是心理治療師所使用的心理治療方式或評估工具必須有研究加以佐證他的效果。證據導向的治療是植基於嚴格的研究。
在這樣的研究過程中,研究團隊必須嚴格限制參與治療的個案。比如說他只收有憂鬱症的個案,但可能因為有些個案同時伴隨有焦慮症,所以就排除這樣的個案。(但是一般來說,心理治療者在工作場域中遇到共病的個案是相當常見的。所以,以證據為基礎的治療對於直接應用到臨床上就可能產生一個問題。)
此外,證據導向的研究必須將所有治療的過程『手冊化』。也就是說,研究者必須將整個治療的療程寫成治療手冊的形式,以確定每個參與治療的個案接受的都是相同的治療技術。(但在臨床工作中,我們預設每個個案都是個特殊的個體,所以治療師完全依照手冊進行,是否違反了這樣的預設。而且這樣就可能落入了一個以治療師為中心的治療歷程,而非以個案為中心的治療。)
實證本位服務乃指「從專業人員提問合適臨床問題開始,經過服務處遇的選擇,至評估此特定照護情境之有效性與適用性的整個過程」。實證本位服務強調所提供的服務,必須經過實證研究證明有效的。
實證本位服務通常包含三個步驟:
一、獲得最佳證據-- 最好來自針對特定治療方式所做的一系列成效研究之結果,所形成的實證上的共識(empirical consensus)。
二、在考慮個案的獨特價值觀和需要下,由具專業知識的臨床人員根據最佳證據提供服務。
三、對有效性進行評估,提供服務持續改進的回饋。
Category | |
Well-established assessment | The measure must have been presented in at least two peer-reviewed articles by different investigators or investigatory teams Sufficient detail about the measure to allow critical evaluation and replication (e.g., measure and manual provided or available upon request) Detailed (e.g., statistics presented) information indicating good validity and reliability in at least one peer-reviewed article |
Approaching well-established assessment | The measure must have been presented in at least two peer-reviewed articles, which might be by the same investigator or investigatory team Sufficient detail about the measure to allow critical evaluation and replication (e.g., measure and manual provided or available upon request) Validity and reliability information presented in either vague terms (e.g., no statistics presented) or moderate values |
Promising assessment | The measure must have been presented in at least one peer-reviewed article Sufficient detail about the measure to allow critical evaluation and replication (e.g., measure and manual provided or available upon request) Validity and reliability information presented in either vague terms (e.g., no statistics presented) or moderate values |