二、液壓換向閥較常見的有那四種控制裝置，請各別詳述其工作原理及優缺點。 （20 分）

一、請說明「渦卷泵（Volute pump）」及「渦輪泵（Turbine pump）」之構造， 及其工作原理之主要差異，並敘述渦卷泵及渦輪泵各屬於那一類之泵？ （20 分）

三、請說明蒸發式（Evaporative type）造水機與急驟汽化式（Flash type）造水機之工作原理。（20 分）

四、蒸汽渦輪機因異常情況，但尚未達到緊急停車程度時可以以自動減速手段改善此種異常情況。請說明自動減速之可能發生原因。（20 分）

五、請將下列專業英文翻譯成中文。（20 分）Controllable pitch propellers are normally fitted to a flanged tail shaft as the operating mechanism is housed in the propeller boss. As its name implies, it is possible to alter the pitch of this type of propeller to change ship speed or to adjust to the prevailing resistance conditions. This change in pitch is effected by rotating the blades about their vertical axes, either by hydraulic or mechanical means. A shaft generator can be driven at constant speed while allowing at the same time a change of ship’s speed through the propeller. Since it is normally possible to reverse the pitch completely, this type of propeller is used with a unidirectional engine to give full ahead or astern thrust, when maneuvering.

五、請將下列英文翻譯成中文。 （20 分）The Port State Control Officer (PSCO) ensures compliance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 by assessing oil residues, sludge and bilge water holding tanks, and the efficiency of the oily water separator. The PSCO reviews the Oil Record Book to verify proper disposal and usage of reception facilities, noting any inadequacies. Ships must maintain improved sludge systems to store and dispose of oil residues in line with international standards. The PSCO checks the effectiveness of onboard oil filtering systems and related equipment for compliance. The inspection now includes automated monitoring systems to track oil discharges and sludge processing in real time. By enforcing these regulations, authorities aim to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable maritime operations.

四、以主機缸套冷卻水作為加熱海水淡化裝置的工作流體，請詳述在啟動和停用時，主機工作系統應特別注意那些問題？（20 分）

三、請詳述造成空氣壓縮機（Air Compressor）的出口排氣溫度過高的原因為 何？（20 分）

二、船用泵（Pump）是屬於流體機械（Fluid Machinery）的一種，其中離心泵 （Centrifugal Pump）廣泛使用於輪船機艙中，請以流量（Flow Rate）與揚程（Head）試述離心泵的結構種類和適用的工作場域。（20 分）

一、伯努利方程式（Bernoulli’s Equation, BE）與雷諾數（Reynolds Number, Re） 為兩個應用流體力學的重要內容，請分別詳述 Re 所代表的物理意義和 BE 的基本原理並分析討論其流體流動時兩者之間的關聯性。 （20 分）

五、請將下列英文譯成中文：（20分）An economizer is a simple heat exchanger that consists of a bank of tubes. These tubes are connected with an inlet and outlet header located in a relatively cool gas temperature zone beyond the main generating bank of boiler. The additional heat is supplied to the feedwater from the economizer by cooling the flue gas. If oxygen is contained in the feedwater to the economizer, the oxygen is released when the external heat is applied. This may result in the tube and header corrosion. The air heaters cool the hot flue gases by the incoming combustion air instead of the feedwater in economizer.

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