二、請詳述四種液壓換向閥之控制裝置的工作原理與優缺點。（20 分）

一、傳統式蒸氣產生系統之節熱器排煙出口溫度愈低，則其廢熱回收率愈高，但排煙之 排出溫度亦不得過低，請詳述其原因。（20 分）

三、請詳述何謂起動引注（Priming）？請列出兩種自動引注（Self-priming）方式並說明 其工作原理。（20 分）

四、有一液壓馬達，其轉矩效率及容積效率分別為 80%及 90%，且馬達每轉之流體量為 50 cm3/rev，轉速為 1500 rpm。若本馬達欲得到 12 kg-m 之轉矩，則所需之流體流量 （以 cm3/min 表示之）及壓力（以 kg/cm2 表示之）各為多少？請計算之。（20 分）

五、請將下列英文譯成中文。（20 分） On the compression stroke for a theoretical single cylinder compressor, the pressure rises to slightly above discharge pressure. A spring-loaded non-return discharge valve opens and the compressed air passes through at approximately constant pressure. At the end of the stroke the differential pressure across the valve, aided by the valve spring, closes the discharge valve, trapping a small amount of high pressure air in the clearance space between the piston and the cylinder head. On the suction stroke the air in the clearance space expands, its pressure dropping until such time as a spring-loaded suction valve re-seats and another compression stroke begins.

五、請將下列英文翻譯成中文。 （20 分）The Port State Control Officer (PSCO) ensures compliance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 by assessing oil residues, sludge and bilge water holding tanks, and the efficiency of the oily water separator. The PSCO reviews the Oil Record Book to verify proper disposal and usage of reception facilities, noting any inadequacies. Ships must maintain improved sludge systems to store and dispose of oil residues in line with international standards. The PSCO checks the effectiveness of onboard oil filtering systems and related equipment for compliance. The inspection now includes automated monitoring systems to track oil discharges and sludge processing in real time. By enforcing these regulations, authorities aim to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable maritime operations.

四、以主機缸套冷卻水作為加熱海水淡化裝置的工作流體，請詳述在啟動和停用時，主機工作系統應特別注意那些問題？（20 分）

三、請詳述造成空氣壓縮機（Air Compressor）的出口排氣溫度過高的原因為 何？（20 分）

二、船用泵（Pump）是屬於流體機械（Fluid Machinery）的一種，其中離心泵 （Centrifugal Pump）廣泛使用於輪船機艙中，請以流量（Flow Rate）與揚程（Head）試述離心泵的結構種類和適用的工作場域。（20 分）

一、伯努利方程式（Bernoulli’s Equation, BE）與雷諾數（Reynolds Number, Re） 為兩個應用流體力學的重要內容，請分別詳述 Re 所代表的物理意義和 BE 的基本原理並分析討論其流體流動時兩者之間的關聯性。 （20 分）

五、請將下列專業英文翻譯成中文。（20 分）Controllable pitch propellers are normally fitted to a flanged tail shaft as the operating mechanism is housed in the propeller boss. As its name implies, it is possible to alter the pitch of this type of propeller to change ship speed or to adjust to the prevailing resistance conditions. This change in pitch is effected by rotating the blades about their vertical axes, either by hydraulic or mechanical means. A shaft generator can be driven at constant speed while allowing at the same time a change of ship’s speed through the propeller. Since it is normally possible to reverse the pitch completely, this type of propeller is used with a unidirectional engine to give full ahead or astern thrust, when maneuvering.

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