四、壓縮式冷凍系統使用中，如果系統內含有空氣或水分時，有何不良影響？應如何排 除？（20 分）

一、齒輪泵起動後不排液或排液量不足，可能的原因為何？（20 分）

二、試述船用往復式空壓機操作管理應注意事項為何？（20 分）

三、試述真空沸騰式造水機產生淡水含鹽量過高的可能原因及應採取何種改善措施？ （20 分）

五、請將下列英文譯成中文：（20 分）   The oil to be cleaned is continuously fed to the purifier. Separated sludge and water accumulate at the periphery of the bowl. Normally a sludge discharge takes place at specific time intervals, but if the water contamination is high, an earlier discharge may be initiated. When separated water reaches the disk stack, some water escapes with the cleaned oil. The increase in water content is sensed by a water transducer installed in the clean oil outlet. When the water content in the cleaned oil reaches a specific "trigger level", the control program will initiate an automatic discharge of the water in the bowl. The water is discharged with the sludge through the sludge ports at the periphery of the bowl.

五、請將下列英文翻譯成中文。 （20 分）The Port State Control Officer (PSCO) ensures compliance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 by assessing oil residues, sludge and bilge water holding tanks, and the efficiency of the oily water separator. The PSCO reviews the Oil Record Book to verify proper disposal and usage of reception facilities, noting any inadequacies. Ships must maintain improved sludge systems to store and dispose of oil residues in line with international standards. The PSCO checks the effectiveness of onboard oil filtering systems and related equipment for compliance. The inspection now includes automated monitoring systems to track oil discharges and sludge processing in real time. By enforcing these regulations, authorities aim to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable maritime operations.

四、以主機缸套冷卻水作為加熱海水淡化裝置的工作流體，請詳述在啟動和停用時，主機工作系統應特別注意那些問題？（20 分）

三、請詳述造成空氣壓縮機（Air Compressor）的出口排氣溫度過高的原因為 何？（20 分）

二、船用泵（Pump）是屬於流體機械（Fluid Machinery）的一種，其中離心泵 （Centrifugal Pump）廣泛使用於輪船機艙中，請以流量（Flow Rate）與揚程（Head）試述離心泵的結構種類和適用的工作場域。（20 分）

一、伯努利方程式（Bernoulli’s Equation, BE）與雷諾數（Reynolds Number, Re） 為兩個應用流體力學的重要內容，請分別詳述 Re 所代表的物理意義和 BE 的基本原理並分析討論其流體流動時兩者之間的關聯性。 （20 分）

五、請將下列專業英文翻譯成中文。（20 分）Controllable pitch propellers are normally fitted to a flanged tail shaft as the operating mechanism is housed in the propeller boss. As its name implies, it is possible to alter the pitch of this type of propeller to change ship speed or to adjust to the prevailing resistance conditions. This change in pitch is effected by rotating the blades about their vertical axes, either by hydraulic or mechanical means. A shaft generator can be driven at constant speed while allowing at the same time a change of ship’s speed through the propeller. Since it is normally possible to reverse the pitch completely, this type of propeller is used with a unidirectional engine to give full ahead or astern thrust, when maneuvering.

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