四、The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST) of the United States found that there are no appropriate
empirical studies to support the foundational validity of footwear
analysis to associate shoeprints with particular shoes based on randomly
acquired characteristics (RAC). Please describe the above point and its
impact on forensic examination, and describe at least one theoretical
method (research) of estimating the chance association of RACs.