申論題

1. Test-making (1): Please rewrite the following passage into a cloze test of about 150 words with five
questions for graders, and provide the answer to the questions. 
      Scientists from universities in the US and UK, who jointly analyzed data collated on a range of species, say they are "astounded" by the figure. They point out that it is about 50% higher than previous estimates. The wildlife trade - in the likes of horns, ivory and exotic pets - is the number one cause of animal extinction, tied only with land development. "The sheer diversity of species being traded is astounding - the risk that will grow is very worrying," said Prof David Edwards of the University of Sheffield, a co-researcher on the study.
      The study, published in Science, identified hotspots for traded birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles in regions within the Andes mountain range and Amazon rainforest, sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and Australia. The research also identified another 3,000 or so species that look set to be traded in the future, based on their similarities with animals currently bought and sold - for example if they have bright plumage or exotic horns. "If one species is traded, the chances are its evolutionary cousins are also traded," said Dr. Brett Scheffers of the University of Florida. "Once we discovered that pattern, we could develop a new model that would predict which species are likely to be traded in the future, even if they are not traded now." The scientists stress the need for proactive rather than reactive strategies, including a "watch list" of susceptible species, better detection of illegal imports, fighting corruption and engaging local people in conservation. Prof Edwards said: "Without
urgent focus on how to stem both the supply and demand for wild-caught species, there is a real danger that we will lose many traded species."
      Individuals can help by not taking any illegal animal products offered to them abroad, he said, and by
checking any exotic pets they buy have not been captured illegally from the wild.