2. For someone investigating constitutions, that is, what cach is and what sort of thing it is, pretty much the first investigation concerns a city-state, to see what on carth the city-state is. For as things stand, there are disputes about this, some pcople say that it is the city-state that performed a certain action, whereas others say that it is not the city-state but rather the oligarchy or the tyrant. And we see that the entire business of the politician and the legislator concems city-states and that the constitution is itself a certain ordering of those who inhabit the city-state. But since the city-state belongs among composite things, and things that are wholes and composed of many parts, it is clear that the first thing that must be investigated is the citizen. For a city-state is a particular sort of multitude of citizens. So who should be called a citizen, and what the citizen is must be investigated. (Aristotle, Politics 3.1, translated by C.D.C. Reeve,2017(哲學小辭典:constitution政體；city-state城邦.) (40%)