2. Calculate −19 − 23 using two’s complement representation with 8-bit allocation and convert the result to decimal. (20 分)

3. 某網路系統管理者經申請後分配到 123.123.123.*的 IP，若是這些 IP 要分配給 8 的部門，其 subneting 應該如何規劃設計?每段 subnet 的可用 IP 為那些?對於每段 subnet 的第一組與後一組 IP 通常保留不可使用，若設計該 subnet 第二組 IP 為 gateway，則各段的 gateway, subnet mask、 以及可設定的 IP 位址有哪些? (20 分)

4. 請找出以下 expressions 的 postfix 與 prefix 的 notations。(10 分) (1) (A + B) * C – (D – E) * (F + G) (2) A * (B + C / D) – E

1. Critical Thinking and Writing：30% Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing area with huge potential to change the world. It’s already starting to impact our daily lives. Although it’s still developing, AI is transforming many industries, from programming to self-driving cars. Like any new technology with promise, AI has critics who worry about its impact on humanity.  In a short paragraph of about 150 words in total, write your opinion on whether or not you agree that AI can be a threat to humanity and your reasons. Do follow the traditional structure of paragraph writing by giving your main idea in “the topic sentence” (placed at the very beginning) and then support it in the rest of your paragraph sentences.

2. Essay Writing: 70% Topic: "The Perfect Day Without Technology"  Imagine you have to spend an entire day without any technology—no phones, computers, televisions, or other electronic devices. Describe how you would spend this day from start to finish. Explain why you have chosen these activities and how they would benefit you and those around you. Be creative and detailed in your response. So here below are the detailed instructions about how to write this structured essay:      Write an essay, of at least 360 words, in which you describe “The perfect Day Without Technology.” Here, a well-organized essay is expected, with a tripartite structure: Your introduction is supposed to      introduce      the concept of spending a day without technology, and a thesis statement is expected at the end to state the main ideas to follow. The      body      should include paragraphs that deal with details about morning activities, plans for the afternoon, and evening activities, all without modern technology. Finally, in your conclusion, you can reflect on the benefits of spending a day without technology, and at the same time summarize the key points of your technology-free day.

(1) 動摩擦力所作的功為何？(6 分)

(2) 板條箱在到達最終速率之前走了多遠？(7 分)

(3) 在板條箱到達最終速率時，輸送帶移動多遠？(7 分)

2.一條半徑為a的無限長直導線，其軸心位於z軸上。導線內部通有總電流為I的電流，電流方向沿著+z方向。假設導線內部的電流密度和與軸心的徑向距離ρ正比，其函數關係為：J(ρ)=aρ，其中a為常數。計算導線內部(ρ<a)與導線外部(ρ>a)的磁場大小。

 (一) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)與 NAT (Network Address Translation) 的基本作用為何？【10 分】

(二)一般家中所使用的 IP 分享器，包括哪些必要的基本功能？【5 分】

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