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題組內容

27. The emission spectrum of an element can be used to identify it.

27c. Outline why the ionic radius of K+ is smaller than that of Cl⁻ . [2 marks]

其他申論題

26c. State and explain the effect on the rate of reaction if ethanoic acid of the same concentration is used in place of hydrochloric acid. [2 marks]

26d. Outline why pH is more widely used than [H+ ] for measuring relative acidity. [1 mark]

27a. Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4. Draw the arrows, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum. [2 marks]

27b. Elements show trends in their physical properties across the periodic table. Outline why atomic radius decreases across period 3, sodium to chlorine. [1 mark]

27d. Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor. Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals. [1 mark]

27e. Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis. In the electrolytic cell, impure copper is the anode (positive electrode), pure copper is the cathode (negative electrode) and the electrolyte is copper(II) sulfate solution. Formulate the half-equation at each electrode. [2 marks]

28a. Distinguish between the terms reaction quotient, Q, and equilibrium constant, KC.[1 mark]

28b. The equilibrium constant, KC, is 0.282 at temperature T. Deduce, showing your work, the direction of the initial reaction. [2 marks]

29a. Explain why the hydrides of group 16 elements (H2O, H2S, H2Se and H2Te) are polar molecules. [2 marks]

29b. The graph shows the boiling points of the hydrides of group 16 elements. Explain the increase in the boiling point from H2S to H2Te. [2 marks]

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