3. Explain how the "renal function" can be measured, please (25%).

4. Explain how the "total peripheral resistance" can be estimated, please (25%).

(1) Measure 1 Starting from a new government of Country B took office in 201s, the relations between Country A and Country B has been seriously dcteriorating. These two countries have been in military tension since 2016, with sporadic armed conflicts at the border from time to time, Given the gravity of the situation, Country B imposed econo omic sanctions against Country A in 2017. Sanctions include restricting Country B's export of certain equipment for Country A, which is primarily used for the technology industry under development. In response, Country A imposed an import ban on certain food products from Country B in 2018 (Measure 1: the import ban). The food products subject to the import ban account for more than half of Country B's agricultural exports. (25%)

(2) Measure 2 Country A further imposed its product-specific transit ban on food products covered by Measure 1 (hereinafter the food products) in 2019. Specifically, Country A banned the food products' transit via road and rail within the teritory of Country A coming from Country B and going to any other WTO Members (including Country K) (Measure 2: the transit ban). The food products constitute essential foodstuffs on which Country K heavily depends. Measure 2 has seriously disrupted Country B's export of agricultural products, and dramatically increased the price of foodstuffs in Country K. (25%)

(1) Some countries adopt restrictive measures. For instance, border control, travel ban, export restrictions on medical supplies or food. (25%)

(2) Some countries apply import liberalization measures. For instance, suspending anti-dumping duties on plastic syringes or eliminate customs duties on medicines and medical equipment. (10%)

(3) In order to facilitate access to medicines and vaccines in developing countries, some countries propose that WTO Members waive copyright, industrial designs, patents and undisclosed information related to COVID-19 medicines, vaccines, diagnostics and other technologies. (15%)

1. Metagenomics

2. Autophagy

3. Genetic imprinting

4. Circadian rhythm

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