5.失業，消費和貨幣供給均為反景氣循環(countercyclical)的經濟變數。

6. In a Cobb-Douglas production function, \( Y = AK^{\circ}N^{1 - \circ}(A > 0;0 < \alpha < 1) \), an adverse supply shock, such as a reduced supply of capital (K), would decrease the marginal product of capital but have no effect on the marginal product of labor.