5. if, unexpectedly, land or a navigation mark is sighted or a change in soundings occurs;

3.試將下列 SMCP 文字譯為中文 As navigational and safety communications from ship to shore and vice versa, from ship to ship, and on board ship must be precise, simple and unambiguous so as to avoid confusion and error, there is a need to standardize the language used. This is of particular importance in the light of the increasing number of internationally trading vessels with crews speaking many different languages, since problems of communication may cause misunderstandings leading to dangers to the vessel, the people on board and the environment

1. if restricted visibility is encountered or expected;

6. on breakdown of the engines, propulsion machinery remote control, steering gear or any essential navigational equipment, alarm or indicator;

2. if the traffic conditions or the movements of other ships are causing concern;

7. if the radio equipment malfunctions;

3. if difficulty is experienced in maintaining course;

8. in heavy weather, if in any doubt about the possibility of weather damage;

4. on failure to sight land, or a navigation mark or to obtain soundings by the expected time;

9. if the ship meets any hazard to navigation, such as ice or a derelict; and in any other emergency or if in any doubt.

5. if, unexpectedly, land or a navigation mark is sighted or a change in soundings occurs;

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