申論題

VII. Please edit 5 reading comprehension questions based on the following passage (15%) The answer to each question should be provided. Over 1 in 8 adults are now obese—a ratio that has more than doubled since 1975 and will swell to 1 in 5 by 2025, a major survey reported Friday. Of about 5 billion adults alive in 2014, 641 million were obese, the data showed—and projected that the number will balloon past 1.1 billion in just nine years. The research warned of a looming crisis of “severe obesity” and disease brought on by high-fat, high-sugar diets causing blood pressure and cholesterol rise. “There will be health consequences of magnitudes that we do not know,” author Majid Ezzati of Imperial College London said in an interview. 7 The survey, published in The Lancet medical journal, claimed to be the most comprehensive of its kind conducted to date. People are divided into healthy and unhealthy weight categories based on a universally adopted measure dubbed body mass index (BMI), a ratio of weight in kilograms to the square of height in meters. A healthy BMI ranges from 18-5 to 24.9. One is considered underweight below 18.5, overweight from 25 up and obese from 30—when the risk of diabetes, stroke, heart disease and some cancers escalates massively. With BMI of 35, one is categorized as severely obese, and from 40 upward as morbidly obese. Among men globally, obesity tripled from 3.2 percent of the population in 1975 to 10.8 percent in 2014(266 million people), and among women from 6.4 percent to 14.9 percent (375 million), said the survey—12.9 percent combined. This was equivalent to the average adult, 18 and older, being 1.5 kg (3.3pounds) heavier every decade. “If the rate of obesity continues at this pace, by 2025 roughly a fifth of men (18 percent) and women (21 percent) will be severely obese,” according to a statement by The Lancet. The ratio of underweight people in the world declined at a slower rate than obesity grew, said the authors—from about 13.8 percent in 1975 to 8.8 percent for men, and 14.6 percent to 9.7 percent for women. “Over the past 40 years, we have changed from a world in which underweight prevalence was more than double that of obesity, to one in which more people are obese than underweight,” said Ezzati. In 2014, the world’s fattest people lived in Polynesia and Micronesia, where 38 percent of men and more than half of women were obese. Nearly a fifth of the world’s obese adults lived in six high-income countries: the United States, Britain, Ireland, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. (Paris, AFP-JIJI, The Japan Times, April 2, 2016)