二、作文(30分)
題目:論養生
乙、公文:
試擬教育部函所屬學校暨市、縣(市)教育機關:除正常教學外,並應加強輔導學生選讀有益書刊,以維學生之身心健康。
甲、論文: 現實與理想
第三篇: Economics is, at root, the study of incentives: how people get what they want, or need, especially when other people want or need the same thing. Economists love incentives. They love to dream them up and enact them, study them and tinker with them. The typical economist believes the world has not yet invented a problem that he cannot fix if given a free hand to design the proper incentive scheme. His solution may not always be pretty-it may involve coercion or exorbitant penalties or the violation of civil liberties-but the original problem, rest assured, will be fixed. An incentive is a bullet, a lever, a key: an often tiny object with astonishing power to change a situation. An incentive is simply a means of urging people to do more of a good thing and less of a bad thing. But most incentives don't come about organically. Someone-an economist or a politician or a parent-has to invent them. Your three-year-old eats all her vegetables for a week? She wins a trip to the toy store. A big steelmaker belches too much smoke into the air? The company is fined for each cubic foot of pollutants over the legal limit. Too many Americans aren't paying their share of income tax? It was the economist Milton Friedman who helped come up with a solution to this one: automatic tax withholding from employees' paychecks. There are three basic flavors of incentive: economic, social, and moral. Very often a single incentive scheme will include all three varieties. Think about the anti-smoking campaign of recent years. The addition of a $3-per-pack "sin tax" is a strong economic incentive against buying cigarettes. The banning of cigarettes in restaurants and bars is a powerful social incentive. And when the U.S. government asserts that terrorists raise money by selling black-market cigarettes, that acts as a rather jarring moral incentive.
50. Metaphorically, which of the following is the most dissimilar object to an incentive?
(A) A tuxedo
(B) A screwdriver
(C) A jack
(D) A hammer
49. According to the above passage, which of the following approaches will economists most likely adopt?
(A) No harm, no foul
(B) Playing devil's advocate
(C) Carrot and stick
(D) An eye for an eye
48. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
(A) Economists love incentives because incentives help them get things done.
(B) Incentives are invented and can be manipulated by people for different purposes.
(C) A good incentive plan will usually include several aspects, including those of money and morality.
(D) Many economists believe that their hands are tied by incentive schemes.
This is a large modal.