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(B) As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into language classrooms, teachers face complex ethical and psychological challenges. Discuss the potential risks associated with students’ overreliance on AI, including its impact on students’ autonomous learning, critical thinking, and social interaction. In addition, propose practical strategies that teachers can implement to ensure that AI supports meaningful, reflective, and responsible learning experiences without diminishing students’ engagement or cognitive development. (20%)

(A) Classroom management is an acquired competency rather than a natural gift. It demands continuous refinement through practice and critical self-evaluation. Any instructor committed to reflective teaching possesses the capacity to enhance their mastery over the classroom dynamic. Please write a composition demonstrating how you can achieve the goal of managing the classroom well. (20%)

IV. Reading-Comprehension & Mixed-Type Questions Design 10%Please design 3 reading comprehension questions and 2 mixed-type questions (5 questions in total) that align with current GSAT competency-based assessment trends.Recent research published in Current Biology documents an unusual and striking instance of social parasitism in ants, in which a queen of Lasius orientalis infiltrates and ultimately seizes control of a colony belonging to another species, Lasius flavus. Rather than killing the resident queen outright, the invading monarch manipulates the host workers into eliminating their own mother by subtly altering the chemical signals that govern nestmate recognition and maintain social order. First observed by ant enthusiast Taku Shimada and later formally examined in collaboration with ecologist Keizo Takasuka, the phenomenon is especially noteworthy because the Lasius flavus workers appear to gain no adaptive or evolutionary advantage from their actions; instead, the invading queen alone secures reproductive dominance andlong-term control of the colony’s resources.To determine how such manipulation is possible, Shimada recreated the invasion process under controlled experimental conditions. A Lasius orientalis queen was first allowed to acquire the scent of Lasius flavus workers, a crucial step given that ants rely heavily on chemical cues to distinguish colony members from outsiders. Disguised by this acquired odor, the invader entered the nest without resistance and was not only tolerated but even provisioned with food. After locating the host queen, however, she sprayed her with a chemical substance, believed to be formic acid, thereby altering the queen’s scent profile and destabilizing the colony’s established recognition system.This chemical disruption had profound behavioral consequences. Deprived of reliable sensory cues, the workers no longer identified their queen as kin and gradually exhibited signs of agitation and aggression. Repeated spraying intensified the hostility, and over the course of several days the workerscollectively turned against their mother and killed her. Shortly thereafter, they accepted the intruder as their new reproductive authority, effectively transferring allegiance without apparent resistance.In the weeks that followed, the parasitic queen began laying eggs, and the colony’s composition progressively shifted until all workers were her offspring. Beyond its dramatic narrative, the study underscores the central role of chemical communication in sustaining social cohesion and demonstrates how subtle biochemical interference can overturn entrenched hierarchies within complex insect societies.

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何謂「裁罰性不利處分」?何謂「非裁罰性不利處分」?二者之區別, 向來極具爭議;但其區別,除於行政罰法上有何實益外,是否在我國 其他法律的適用上,也有意義?又人民不服「非裁罰性不利處分」, 即無司法救濟之可能?

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在下列三種行政爭訟事件中,當事人應聲請停止執行、假扣押或假處分,以尋求暫時權利保護?抑或其爭訟事件,根本不適用任何一種暫時權利保護類型?試論述之。 (一) 甲貧戶遭遇經濟上重大困難,爰向主管機關 A 申請急難救助金; 但遭 A 以其資格不符而駁回。甲不服,一方面提起訴願,另一方 面又擔心緩不濟急,故同時聲請暫時權利保護,希冀在相關之行政爭訟未終局確定前,能先獲得紓困,渡過難關。 (二) 乙違規,遭主管機關 B 處以高額罰鍰。乙不服,但訴願及第一審行政訴訟均敗訴,故提起上訴。在上訴審程序中,乙因資金狀況不佳, 憂慮罰鍰若遭執行,即有破產之虞,因而聲請暫時權利保護。 (三) 丙溫泉業,獲悉主管機關 C 將公告全國各溫泉地區水質優良度之評比,其中丙所在地區等級最低。丙為避免泡湯客因該公告影響, 而不登門消費,遂於提起本案救濟前,先聲請暫時權利保護,以能及時阻止公告之發布。

描述:在行政爭訟中,暫時權利保護的主要工具包括 停止執行(suspension of execution)、假扣押(provisional at...

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