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阿摩：成功是來自一點一滴的累積

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(21 秒)

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【精選】 - 高普考/三四等/高員級◆法學知識（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論) - 公職◆英文 - 經濟學 - 財政學 - 公職◆行政法(包含行政程序法等)2024~2022難度:(3691~3715)

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1(C).

22 依憲法規定及司法院大法官解釋，司法院職權不包括下列何者？
(A)非訟事件之審理
(B)公務員懲處之復審事件
(C)本於司法行政監督權而發布命令
(D)本於司法自主性而就審理事項發布規則

2(C).

請依下文回答第41題至第45題

Travel back in time to 1662, when Catherine of Braganza (daughter of Portugal’s King John IV) won thehand of England’s newly restored monarch, King Charles II, with the help of a very large dowry that includedmoney, spices, treasures and the lucrative ports of Tangiers and Bombay. This 41 made her one veryimportant lady: the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. When she relocated up north to join King Charles,she is said to have 42 loose-leaf tea as part of her personal belongings; it would also have likely been part ofher dowry. A fun legend has it that the crates were marked Transporte de Ervas Aromaticas (Transport of AromaticHerbs) – later 43 to T.E.A. That last bit probably isn’t true ( 44 believe the word ‘tea’ came from atransliteration of a Chinese character), but what is for sure is that tea was already popular among the aristocracy ofPortugal due to the country’s direct trade line to China 45 its colony in Macau, first settled in the mid-1500s(visit today to sample the other end of this culinary exchange, the Portuguese pastéis de nata, aka egg custard tarts).

【題組】42
(A)brewed
(B)fermented
(C)packed
(D)scented

3(C).

19 下列有關我國不動產持有稅之敘述，何者錯誤？
(A)稅收具有彈性
(B)符合受益課稅原則
(C)符合量能課稅原則
(D)輔助所得稅功能

4(C).

25 下列何者非屬行政損失補償？
(A)私有土地公用徵收之補償
(B)對於建物列為暫定古蹟之補償
(C)因防疫所需之私有醫療設施徵用之補償
(D)核廢料貯存回饋之補償

5(C).

39 Professor Wu is good at__________ the spirits of the students in her Monday morning class with jokes and questions helping them chase away their Monday blues.
(A) arousing
(B) exploring
(C) invading
(D) obtaining

6(C).

12. Protesters argued that the contractors tasked with caring for children weren't qualified for the job, and _____ they shouldn't be allowed to continue their practice.
(A) which
(B) it
(C) that
(D) for

7(C).

請依下文回答第 47 題至第 50 題：
Most progress against air-pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, for example, were __47__ to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today's new cars emit less than 2 percent as much smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acidrain control has cost about 10 percent of what was expected in 1990, when Congress __48__ new rules. At that time, opponents said the regulations would cause a "clean-air recession"；__49__ , the economy boomed. Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever__ 50__ .

【題組】47
(A) predicted
(B) instructed
(C) described
(D) emphasized

8(C).

25 當勞動市場為完全競爭狀態下，此時應如何衡量政府所僱用每單位勞動力的機會成本？
(A)基本工資率
(B)市場工資率
(C)最高工資率
(D)失業者對休閒的評價

9(C).

24 下列何者，國家依法應負損害賠償責任？
(A)設有「前有落石，禁止進入」警示之國家公園步道，人民仍冒險進入而遇難
(B)經公告之私人所有既成巷道上路燈突然倒塌致路人受傷
(C)進入已公告廢止使用之學校校舍夜宿，失足掉入坑洞受傷
(D)臺灣電力公司高壓電纜掉落致路人遭電死

10(C).

44 經濟體系的內在自我調整（self-correcting property of the economy）機制，指的是產出缺口（output gap）最終會因為下列何者而消除？
(A)財政或貨幣政策
(B)增加或降低潛在產出（potential output）
(C)物價水準上升或物價水準下跌的價格調整機能
(D)只能透過物價水準上升的價格調整機能；因為物價水準向下調整時，有向下僵固性（downward stickiness）而無法運作

11(C).

37 下列有關經濟成長的敘述，何者錯誤？
(A)在時間歷程裡，一國生產力成長率（rate of productivity growth）並不是固定的常數
(B)儘管各國經濟結構有差異，人均所得較低的國家必然會追趕（catch up）上人均所得較高的先進國家，這現象稱為絕對收斂（absolute convergence）
(C)內生成長理論（endogenous growth theory）認為，研究與發展（research and development）與經濟增長率有著統計上的正相關
(D) Harrod-Domar 成長理論主張，經濟體系的穩定均衡必須滿足：符合商品市場均衡條件和資本最適僱用條件之下的產出成長率應等於勞動最適僱用條件下產出成長率

12(C).

18 下列何者可能是布坎南（J. M. Buchanan）與杜洛克（G. Tullock）最適憲政模型（the optimal constitution model）中的外部成本函數（EC）？其中 P 為贊成議案的人數比例，且 P 大於 0。
(A) EC=P+1
(B) EC=1-P
(C) EC=P²
(D) EC=P^0.5

13(C).

25 下列有關完全競爭市場的短期市場供給曲線敘述，何者錯誤？
(A)不可能是負斜率
(B)短期市場供給曲線為所有個別廠商短期供給曲線的垂直加總
(C)短期市場供給曲線的高度反映出此市場中廠商們的邊際成本
(D)個別廠商追求利潤極大化是推導該曲線過程中的重要假設之一

14(C).

30 下列關於市場均衡與市場失靈的敘述，何者正確？
(A)市場均衡代表社會福祉達到最大的結果
(B)市場均衡代表市場達到了最有效率分配資源的結果
(C)市場失靈指的是市場無法有效率分配資源的現象
(D)公共政策定可解決因市場失靈造成的無效率問題

15(C).

50依民法第199條第1項規定，債權人基於債之關係，得向債務人請求給付。下列就給付內容之敘述，何者錯誤？
(A)給付以具有財產價值者為限
(B)不作為亦得為給付
(C)勞務亦得為給付
(D)物亦得為給付

16(C).

3 有關憲法規定之貨物自由流通，下列敘述何者正確？
(A)爆竹煙火管理條例的流向登記規定，違憲
(B)駕駛貨車行為屬於流通形式
(C)宅配經濟僅與工作權有關
(D)為促進貨物流通得興闢鐵公路

17(C).

50 某直轄市制定之自治條例規定「本自治條例自公布日施行」。公布日為 1 月 10 日，則該自治條例之生效日為：
(A) 1 月 10 日
(B) 1 月 11 日
(C) 1 月 12 日
(D) 1 月 13 日

18(C).

16 You must not ________like that to your mother.
(A) to talk
(B) talking
(C) talk
(D) talked

19(C).

18 下圖為凱因斯學派之總合供給（AS）曲線，下列敘述何者正確？

(A)貨幣工資在 a 點可自由調整
(B)貨幣工資在 b 點可自由調整
(C)貨幣工資在 a、b 點皆可自由調整
(D)貨幣工資在 a、b 點皆不可自由調整

20(C).

16假設投資人為風險厭惡者，總資產固定，分配投資於無風險資產與風險性資產之間，前者風險與報酬率均為零，後者之資本報酬率可能為正或負，且為常態分配的隨機變數。假設政府對投資報酬課徵比例所得稅，稅率為t，投資損失可完全扣除，投資者稅前選擇之資產組合非角解。下列敘述何者正確？
(A)投資者稅後總預期報酬率增加
(B)投資者稅後總預期風險增加
(C)投資者稅後選擇風險性資產投資數額增加
(D)投資風險轉為全由政府承擔

21(C).

22 關於行政訴訟「確認訴訟」類型之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 行政處分已執行完畢而無法回復者，人民得提起確認行政處分違法之訴訟
(B) 行政訴訟之原告提起撤銷訴訟，於審理程序中，認為系爭行政處分應屬無效，得主張將其訴之聲明轉換為確認系爭處分無效
(C) 原告得提起撤銷訴訟、課予義務訴訟或一般給付訴訟者，不得提起確認訴訟，即使確認行政處分無效之訴訟亦同
(D) 行政訴訟類型並無確認行政處分有效之訴訟

22(C).

23 關於行政裁量之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A)行政機關於構成要件實現時，得選擇不同之法律效果，為裁量行政
(B)行政機關依法行使裁量權時，除有裁量瑕疵之情事外，法院不得審查
(C)行政裁量應受一般法律原則之拘束
(D)對於學生之成績評量或品行考核，為行政裁量

23(C).

請依下文回答第 46 至第 50 題：
Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write afterit was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted asnews articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticismof the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaperand easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized,real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say,smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-pastejobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it.
Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper onlineforums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT isfar more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing,clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduceda new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conductresearch.
OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voicedtheir concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuitof monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines andhumans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainersand feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informedresponses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attemptto influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violenceor sex.
【題組】50 Which of the following best describes the purpose of this passage?
(A) To promote the use of ChatGPT as a new search engine.
(B) To explain how ChatGPT was developed by misinformation researchers.
(C) To raise alarms about newly developed AI chatbots like ChatGPT.
(D) To reduce readers’ worries about intelligent AI chatbots like ChatGPT.