New health safety protocols and systems will need to be in place, and these have __23___ to be defined. As governments and industry plan for recovery in this new context and __24___ to changing traveler behavior, the use of digital identity and biometrics technologies could restore trust while also __25___ a seamless journey.

  Scientists have linked the decline in Arctic sea ice to the __26___ of a deadly virus that could threaten marine mammals in the North Pacific, __27___a study from the University of California, Davis. Phocine distemper virus, or PDV, a pathogen responsible for killing thousands of European harbor seals in the North Atlantic in 2002, was identified in northern sea otters in Alaska in 2004, __28___ questions about when and how the virus reached them. The 15-year study, published today in the journal Scientific Reports, __29___ how the radical reshaping of historic sea ice may have opened pathways for contact between Arctic and sub-Arctic seals that was previously impossible. This __30___the virus’ introduction into the Northern Pacific Ocean.

BEST answer from the box below for each blank in the passage. 

 　　Trevor Noah’s unlikely path from apartheid South Africa to the desk of The Daily Show began with a criminal act: his birth. 35 Living proof of his parents’ indiscretion, Trevor was kept mostly indoors for the earliest years

of his life, bound by the extreme and often absurd measures his mother took to hide him from a government that could, at any moment, steal him away. Finally liberated by the end of South Africa’s tyrannical white rule, Trevor and his mother set forth on a grand adventure. They lived openly and freely and embraced the opportunities won by a centuries-long struggle. 

　　  36 It is also the story of that young man’s relationship with his fearless, rebellious, and fervently religious mother—his teammate, a woman determined to save her son from the cycle of poverty, violence, and abuse that would ultimately threaten her own life. 

　　  37 Whether subsisting on caterpillars for dinner during hard times, being thrown from a moving car during an attempted kidnapping, or just trying to survive the life-and-death pitfalls of dating in high school, Trevor illuminates his curious world with an incisive wit and unflinching honesty. 38

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 Music therapy emerged as a profession in the 20th century after World War I and World War II. Both amateur and professional musicians attended veterans’ hospitals to play for the veterans who had suffered physical and emotional trauma. The impact of the music on the patients’ physical and emotional responses saw the doctors and nurses requesting to hire the musicians. It became apparent that the hospital musicians required training before starting, and thus ensued the beginning of music therapy education.

    Music therapy is administered by trained music therapists. A music therapist evaluates each clients’ unique needs. They ascertain a client’s musical preferences and devises a treatment plan that is customized for the individual. Music therapists are part of a multi-disciplinary team, working with other professionals to ensure treatment also works for the client to achieve their goals. For example, if a person is working on strengthening and movement in order to address physical limitations, a music therapist could introduce dance into their treatment plan. 

   Music grabs our attention and distracts us from stimuli that may lead to negative experiences, such as worry, pain, anxiety, and so on. This may also explain the anxiety and pain-reducing effects of listening to music during medical procedures. Moreover, music can regulate the activity of brain regions that are involved in the initiation, generation, maintenance, termination, and modulation of emotions. Music is related to memory processes. It is also involved in the analysis of musical syntax and musical meaning.

    Millennials, also known as Generation Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are the “ME ME ME GENERATION,” writes Joel Stein for the 2013 cover story of Time magazine, which is apparently a marked departure from the Baby Boomers, who were the plain old “Me Generation” (one me, no caps) and who created the “Me Decade” in the 1970s, and who coined the phrase, “But enough about me . . . what do you think about me?” in the 1980s when they were raising the next narcissists, Generation X.

    Sometimes you get the sense that these magazines’ cultural writers have very little experience with the entire American culture, and prefer to make their grand analyses based on what people they know in the gentrified parts of cities like New York and Los Angeles were talking about at brunch last weekend. The type of young person that magazine writers come across most frequently are magazine interns. Because the media industry is high-status, but, at least early on, very low pay in a very expensive city, it attracts a lot of rich kids. Entitled, arrogant, spoiled, preening—those are the alleged signature traits of Millennials, as diagnosed by countless magazine writers. Those traits curiously align perfectly with the signature traits of a rich kid. Have you seen your intern on Rich Kids of Instagram? If so, he or she is probably not the best guide to crafting the composite personality of a generation that fought three wars for you. 

  To Stein’s credit, he has some sociological research to make his case—he brings “the cold, hard data.” However, much of his data can be countered by other data. For example, Stein writes: “Their development is stunted: more people ages 18 to 29 live with their parents than with a spouse, according to the 2012 Clark University Poll of Emerging Adults.

   Yes, people are marrying later and the economy sucks. The unemployment rate would be 6.5 percent, a full point lower, if Washington—you might know them as “old people”—hadn’t implemented spending cuts in 2011, The New York Times reports. As for laziness, the chart of cumulative change in total economy productivity and real hourly compensation since 1995 shows that as worker productivity has soared from 18.5% (2002) to 37.6% (2011), wages have remained stagnant or dropped for different groups of workers. We’re all working hard, we’re just not getting paid.

   But here is Stein’s most important bit of data: “The incidence of narcissistic personality disorder is nearly three times as high for people in their 20s as for the generation that’s now 65 or older, according to the National Institutes of Health; 58 percent more college students scored higher on a narcissism scale in 2009 than in 1982.”

   About that. There is another paper at NIH.gov that argues the study Stein cited above kind of maybe wrong. In a 2010 paper published in Perspectives on Psychological Science and titled “It is Developmental Me, Not Generation Me,” Brent W. Roberts, Grant Edmonds, and Emily Grijalva argue: “First, we show that when new data on narcissism are folded into preexisting meta-analytic data, there is no increase in narcissism in college students over the last few decades. Second, we show, in contrast, that age changes in narcissism are both replicable and comparatively large in comparison to generational changes in narcissism.”

   Basically, it’s not that people born after 1980 are narcissists, it’s that young people are narcissists, and they get over themselves as they get older. It’s like doing a study of toddlers and declaring those born since 2010 are “Generation Sociopath: Kids These Days Will Pull Your Hair, Pee On Walls, Throw Full Bowls of Cereal Without Even Thinking of the Consequences.” In addition, they further point out, “In turn, when older people are told that younger people are getting increasingly narcissistic, they may be prone to agree because they confuse the claim for generational change with the fact that younger people are simply more narcissistic than they are. The confusion leads to an increased likelihood that older individuals will agree with the Generation Me argument despite its lack of empirical support.” Hahaha, you doddering old confused fools! Generation Abe Simpson!