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1(D).

一、綜合測驗：下面三篇短文共有 15 題，每篇各有 5 題，為第 1 – 15 題，請依短文文意，選出一個最適合該空格的答案。
▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 1−5 題
Research has established that transportation workers have the highest COVID-19 risk
score, 75.7 out of an average 30.2, of 966 non-health jobs assessed. Requirements to provide a
negative COVID-19 test before boarding don’t eliminate the danger of 1 . Although the air
on planes is cleaner than that of almost all other indoor spaces due to the sophisticated air
circulation system, planes are still not completely safe. Flight attendants are more 2 from
COVID-19 than anyone else on a plane, just by the nature of their work. Close quarters mean
they come within six feet of every passenger and each other multiple times during a flight. Flight
attendants are 3 to contracting the virus when passengers remove their masks to eat or
drink and when trying to convince an anti-masker to comply 4 rules. Federal protections
for crew members are limited, and each airline has its own set of policies. In the meantime,
cabin crew members are still left with open-to-interpretation guidelines that vary from airline to
airline – and few consequences for passengers who defy them. Besides that, other COVID-19
related workplace concerns remain, such as 5 policies on contact tracing, testing, and
quarantine, plus potential consequences for crew members who miss shifts to isolate after
exposure to the virus.
【題組】1.
(A) infect
(B) infected
(C) infecting
(D) being infected

2(B).

【題組】2.
(A) at most
(B) at risk
(C) at once
(D) at random

3(　).

【題組】3.
(A) affordable
(B) vulnerable
(C) reliable
(D) capable

4(　).

【題組】4.
(A) to
(B) in
(C) for
(D) with

5(　).

【題組】5.
(A) invaluable
(B) inconsistent
(C) indispensable
(D) intellectual

6(　).

▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 6 − 10 題

Leonarde Keeler was named after the polymath Leonardo da Vinci. Leonarde Keeler, 6 , was responsible for using the modern version of the polygraph in the 1930s. Polygraph lie detector testing, once used almost exclusively for criminal cases, is being used by more and more companies for screening candidates. It is used in the workplace 7 checking the information that job seekers are asked to include on their application forms: availability for work, proof of legal employment status, salary requirements, drug use and even medical history. A recent study on the use of the lie detector by private industry states reasons for its growing popularity. Using a lie detector is one of the easiest and cheapest ways to validate a large amount of information from many job applicants. Using lie detectors, employers can ask job seekers many questions 8 spending all the time and money to verify the truthfulness of the responses of every applicant’s answers. Lie detectors are referred to as emotion detectors, and their purpose is to measure body changes that 9 what a person says. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure and the electrical activity of the skin are recorded by the polygraph machine. Lie detectors are being used by businesses that want 10 ways of detecting the truth. However, the results are not always accurate. In other words, lie detectors are not necessarily reliable and the machine may record a “lie.”

【題組】6.
(A) he co-invented the polygraph
(B) was co-inventing the polygraph
(C) the polygraph was co-invented
(D) who co-invented the polygraph

7(　).

【題組】7.
(A) in spite of
(B) regardless of
(C) as a means of
(D) with an exception of

8(　).

【題組】8.
(A) instead of
(B) in terms of
(C) in case of
(D) in favor of

9(　).

【題組】9.
(A) ridicule
(B) devour
(C) prescribe
(D) contradict

10(　).

【題組】10.
(A) guarantee
(B) guaranteed
(C) guarantees
(D) guaranteeing

11(　).

▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 11−15 題
The idea of microfinance and microenterprises was developed by Muhammad Yunus,
founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. A microenterprise is a type of business with a small
team, often registered, requiring 11 capital of no more than $35,000. The term
microenterprise connotes different entities and sectors depending on the country. Generally
speaking, in developed countries, microenterprises make up the smallest end of the small
business sector, 12 microenterprises in developing countries constitute the vast majority of
the small business sector – a result of the relative lack of formal sector jobs available for the
poor. Microenterprises add value to a country’s economy by creating jobs, enhancing income,
strengthening purchasing power, lowering costs, and adding business convenience. According to
data from the Development Bank of Latin America, microenterprises represent 88 percent of
total companies in Latin America, where they are engaged in self-employment activities.
Microlending has become an alternative 13 traditional lending for businesses in
communities that don’t have access to traditional funding. Microbusinesses and small businesses
that are in underserved areas or have low credit 14 can use private microlending
organizations for marketing campaigns, inventory or supplies, and seasonal expenses. Some
states and organizations offer help for small and microbusinesses. Nebraska, for instance, gives
an income tax credit of up to $10,000 based on “demonstrated growth” of the business over the
past two years. However, official policies often make business difficult for microentrepreneurs.
Deposit services are rarely 15 to these businesspeople, especially in rural areas. The small
loans microentrepreneurs usually need are less attractive to traditional formal financial
institutions because of their high transaction costs.
【題組】11.
(A) monopoly
(B) seed
(C) province
(D) vigor

12(　).

【題組】12.
(A) besides
(B) except
(C) unless
(D) whereas

13(　).

【題組】13.
(A) from
(B) in
(C) to
(D) with

14(　).

【題組】14.
(A) notes
(B) ratings
(C) means
(D) scraps

15(　).

【題組】15.
(A) geared
(B) compelled
(C) suspended
(D) inflated

16(　).

二、閱讀測驗：下面三篇短文共有 15 題，每篇各有 5 題，為第 16 – 30 題，請閱讀短文後，選出最適當的答案。
▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 16 − 20 題
Meet the People’s Company. Like a democracy, it can be a noisy place where citizens
sometimes think the people in charge have no idea what they’re doing. But at eBay, the online
auction site, the people are in charge. Its customers – the 70 million buyers and sellers who trade
here – have the kind of influence that most consumers and businesses can only dream of. It’s
true, eBay has a business model that doesn’t require carrying any inventory. But the real secret
of eBay’s unlikely success is this: it’s a master at capturing the awesome communication power
of the Internet and tracking customers’ every movement, so new products and services are
tailored to just what they want. ( ① )
eBay’s customers are its product development, market research, merchandising, and sales
department – all rolled into one. It’s not just that they have made eBay into a global marketplace
for almost anything, from a $1 baseball card to a $4.9m Gulfstream jet, eBay’s customers also
tell the world about eBay by word of mouth. ( ② ) They crowd online discussion boards, share
tips, point out problems, and lobby for changes. eBay’s customers even police the site by rating
each other. Imagine a retailer trying to do this: interview every single person leaving every store,
post a list of what each thought of the shopping experience, ask them to write up a merchandising
plan and call suppliers to arrange deliveries – and oh, by the way, could they keep an eye out for
shoplifting? That’s what eBay’s customers voluntarily do each day.
Back in 1995, when Pierre Omidyar unveiled Auction Web, he had much more in mind
than simply helping his girlfriend trade Pez dispensers. He aimed to create a market for a wide
range of goods, but with a difference. “I wanted to give the power of the market back to
individuals,” says Omidyar. But his biggest breakthrough was the Feedback Forum, a rating
system that made it easy for buyers and sellers to grade each transaction. Amazingly, it worked.
And positive ratings, which translated to more sales, kept people from going to other sites.
( ③ ) Since early 1999, eBay has regularly flown sellers and buyers to its headquarters in
California to interview them, asking for their views on new features and policies. The result: fewer
problems. Even when something does go wrong, eBay can respond quickly.
eBay business is the company’s latest offering, a new site providing businesses with an
e-commerce platform. ( ④ ) However, many rivals aim to be the biggest places for e-commerce
as well, and some are making fast progress. But there’s a bigger question: can eBay’s values
survive such grand ambitions? Omidyar worries that the growing participation of large
commercial sellers could dilute eBay’s unique culture. eBay’s people power makes building a
business simple compared with everything conventional companies must do. Keeping in touch
with all those customers from here on won’t be easy.

【題組】16. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) How will eBay’s auction strategies work?
(B) Will eBay survive harsh competitions in the future?
(C) How does eBay build a unique relationship with its customers?
(D) Will eBay’s fastest-growing new categories turn into its promising products?

17(　).

【題組】17. Which of the following features of eBay is true?
(A) No carrying inventory is needed.
(B) No customer rating is required.
(C) No market research is mandated.
(D) No customer refund is allowed.

18(　).

【題組】18. Why does eBay regularly fly sellers and buyers to its headquarters?
(A) eBay wants to get user input from them.
(B) eBay wants them to develop new products.
(C) eBay wants to prevent rivals from making fast progress.
(D) eBay wants them to translate product descriptions into many languages.

19(　).

【題組】19. What is the main secret to eBay’s success?
(A) cutting the inventory cost
(B) cooperating with its major rivals
(C) hiring its customers to safeguard its site
(D) giving the power of the market back to individuals

20(　).

【題組】20. Which number indicates the most appropriate place to insert the following sentence? “Some of its most effective ways of getting user feedback, though, don’t depend on the Internet.”
(A) ①
(B) ②
(C) ③
(D) ④

21(　).

▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 21 − 25 題
The number of older individuals in the U.S. population has grown in the last five decades and
is projected to continue to grow. Based on a study, employment of workers aged 65 or older has
increased by 116 % in the course of 20 years, whereas employment of workers 70 years or older
has also increased by 118 % . How is the aging of the population of the United States related to
other nations? The proportion of the population aged 65 or older by country is shown in Figure 1.
For instance, Germany, Spain, and Japan all had at least 20 % of their population aged 65 and over
in 2050. In all countries of the world, growth of the population aged 65 and older can be observed
at different degrees.

Figure 1 Percentage of Population Aged 65 or over by Country
An aging population poses several economic challenges. Compared to the younger
generation, senior workers tend to have higher wages. Seniority-based wage systems for older
workers may make employers more reluctant to hire older people. Therefore, employers may
convince a 55-year-old employee to take early retirement while they are under pressure to cut
costs. Take away pay scales based on seniority, and older employees can become a much more
attractive proposition for companies. Maintaining the services of older employees is very
important.
Why would company managers hire a 65-year-old worker when a 25-year-old job seeker is
available? There are a few key advantages in hiring old workers. Older workers make good leaders
because they have stronger communication skills and professional networks compared to younger
workers. Secondly, older employees have a solid knowledge with years of work experiences, and are
typically more satisfied with their jobs. They tend to stay longer. In addition, when they have
encountered challenges, they know how to overcome obstacles. Furthermore, many older workers
have an innate ability to coach their younger peers who show an inclination to succeed in the
workplace.
Old workers can find more jobs if the job markets are not rigid and fixed. Often, they can
be self-employed. Self-employment is attractive for older workers who seek more flexibility
and autonomy. Old workers can be frequently self-employed and build their own companies.
A study by David Storey reported that 70 percent of companies built by people over 55 survived in
Britain, compared to a national average of just 19 percent overall. But whatever pattern of
employment they select, the talents of these “gray workers” will be increasingly recognized in the
coming years.
【題組】21. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
(A) marketing and sustainability
(B) trend in elderly migration
(C) aging of the global population
(D) old people’s financial status

22(　).

【題組】22. According to Figure 1, which of the following statements is true?
(A) In Japan, the growing proportion of people aged 65 or older is expected to become 35 % by 2050.
(B) In 2050, the proportion of persons aged 65 or over in Taiwan will be two times greater than that in Germany in 2050.
(C) In 2015, Spain had the smallest share of elderly population aged 65 or over in Europe, and it is projected to remain so by 2050.
(D) Korea is the fastest aging country in the world in terms of the percentage point increase in the population aged 65 and over between 2015 and 2050.

23(　).

【題組】23. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that companies should _______________.
(A) retain senior employees in the workplaces
(B) avoid paying workers by piece rate
(C) raise the minimum wage for young employees
(D) offer on-the-job training to older workers

24(　).

【題組】24. According to the third paragraph, which of the following key advantage about old workers is NOT mentioned?
(A) Older workers are better than young people in loyalty.
(B) Older workers are better than young people in mentoring.
(C) Older workers are better than young people in physical strength.
(D) Older workers are better than young people in problem solving.

25(　).

【題組】25. David Storey’s research found that _______________.
(A) older workers are good at running their own businesses
(B) older workers can benefit from on-the-job training of skills
(C) self-employed young people have increased because of financial difficulties
(D) employers should foster a positive learning environment for older workers

26(　).

▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 26 − 30 題
A strategic alliance is an arrangement between two companies to undertake a mutually
beneficial project while each retains its independence. The agreement is less complex and less
binding than a joint venture, in which two businesses pool resources to create a separate
business entity. A company may enter into a strategic alliance to expand into a new market,
improve its product line, or develop an edge over a competitor. For example, an owner of a
guesthouse in Yilan, Taiwan, which caters to high-end clients, is now thinking about forging
partnerships with other businesses and developing a new market. He is looking at establishing
partnerships with wedding businesses. Newlyweds could honeymoon in his guesthouse and have
their wedding photos taken in its beautiful environment. The strategists Yoshino and Rangan
have classified the strategic alliance based on two dimensions: Extent of organizational
interaction and conflict among the alliance partners. On the basis of these, four types of strategic
alliances emerge:
● Procompetitive Alliances ( low interaction and low conflict ) : Such alliances offer the benefits
of vertical integration, i.e. a relationship between the manufacturer and its suppliers or
distributors.
● Noncompetitive Alliances ( high interaction and low conflict ) : This type of alliance is formed
between the companies that operate in the same industry but do not consider each other as rivals.
Their business operations do not coincide and are quite distinctive , so the feeling of competitiveness
does not emerge.
● Competitive Alliances ( high interaction and high conflict ) : Two competing firms that
perceive each other as rivals come together to form an alliance. Therefore, the intense
interaction between the two is necessary. Such alliances could be intra-industry or inter-industry.
● Precompetitive Alliance ( low interaction and high conflict ) : Such partnership brings two
firms from different, most often unrelated industries to work towards a specific activity, such as
new technology development, or creating awareness among the potential customers about the
use of new product or idea.
A strategic alliance can, however, bring its own risks. While the agreement is usually clear
for both companies, there may be differences in how the firms conduct business. Further, if the
alliance requires the parties to share information, there must be trust between the two allies.

【題組】26. Which of the following would be the best title for this article?

(A) Cooperative Models of Strategic Alliances
(B) Strategic Alliances: Working with Competitors
(C) Risks and Analytical Tools for Strategic Alliances
(D) The Evaluation and Foundation in Strategic Alliances

27(　).

【題組】27. In the following chart, which is the correct arrangement of alliances based on the passage?
(A) ①Procompetitive ②Competitive ③Precompetitive ④Noncompetitive
(B) ①Procompetitive ②Precompetitive ③Noncompetitive ④Competitive
(C) ①Precompetitive ②Competitive ③Noncompetitive ④Procompetitive
(D) ①Precompetitive ②Noncompetitive ③Competitive ④Procompetitive

28(　).

【題組】28. According to the passage, which type of strategic alliance will be mainly adopted by the guesthouse owner in Yilan?
(A) Procompetitive Alliances
(B) Noncompetitive Alliances
(C) Competitive Alliances
(D) Precompetitive Alliance

29(　).

【題組】29. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of “distinctive” in the article?
(A) ample
(B) recognizable
(C) faithful
(D) courageous

30(　).

【題組】30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A) There are chances that two companies of a strategic alliance may run business in different ways.
(B) Hi-end clients are discount hunters attracted by huge deals and sales. They are looking to buy a lot more than average customers.
(C) In a strategic alliance, a new entity is usually formed and owned by the two businesses, and they each share resources as well as losses.
(D) One of the most definitive examples of vertical integration was Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram, both see each other as competitors.