41 Water stored in the fire truck’s tank can be________through water lines or hoses when there is no
water source. (A) integrated (B) complicated (C) reversed (D) discharged
42 Never leave a heater running when you are not at home. Many house fires are attributed to________ use
of heaters. (A) unsupervised (B) illustrated (C) disturbed (D) exchanged
43 ________fireproof walls around your entire home is a great way to slow the spread of fires and protect
your family. (A) Appealing (B) Overflowing (C) Installing (D) Imposing
44 All workplaces must have smoke ________that sound a warning to people when they sense the
presence of smoke. (A) containers (B) filters (C) detectors (D) mentors
45 To prevent a small fire in your backyard, you should regularly remove dead and dry plant materials
that could________a fire. (A) fuel (B) leak (C) seize (D) profit
47 The fundamental principle of fire________is to actively attempt to change the pressure conditions
prevailing in a burning building with a view to releasing fire gases. (A) commotion (B) furor (C) smudge (D) ventilation
48 In the UK, a fire________is a person who helps a fire safety officer in their work, for example, by
making sure that employees leave a building safely if there is a fire. (A) carabiner (B) chauffeur (C) monitor (D) marshal
49 There are two main types of________: stored pressure and cartridge operated.
(A) fire extinguishers (B) pumper trucks (C) rubber nozzles (D) smoke detectors
請依下文回答第 51 題至第 55 題： One of the primary risks of being a firefighter is that of personal physical injury. Firefighters aresusceptible to burns, smoke __51__ and crush injuries from collapsing structures. They can suffer fromheat exhaustion, as well as long-term job-related illnesses such as asthma, persistent coughing, heartdisease, cancer and lung damage. __52__ the highly physical nature of the job, all matter of bodilyharm can befall firefighters in the line of duty. Some physical fallout from the profession may notmaterialize __53__ years down the road. In addition to the physical perils, firefighters face the potentialfor mental trauma, particularly in situations involving mass __54___ . As first responders on the scene,firefighters and other rescue personnel are often faced with the high stress, high stakes environment oftrying to attend to as many people as possible, remove them from danger and assist in aiding treatment,often __55__ their duties in tenuous or unfolding situations. The elevated stress levels don’t alwaysdissipate when they leave the scene. 【題組】51 (A) adaptation (B) hallucination (C) inhalation (D) manifestation
請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題：
The inferno of tragic fires in California in 2018 destroyed thousands of homes, incinerated hundreds
of thousands of acres, and killed many people. Some of these California fires were ignited intentionally.
A 51 year-old man has been charged with starting the Southern California Holy Fire. A 32 year-old man
has been linked to five California fires. What sort of person is compelled by pyromania to kill, terrorize,
destroy lives and property, and devastate the beauty of nature with fire? Arson can be used as a weapon of revenge or motivated by some other conniving, covert, destructive
aim, but fire-setting is also an irresistible compulsion for some, recognized as a form of mental illness.
More research is needed, but typically, fire-setting is viewed not as a distinct disorder, but as a behavior
that stems from another deep-seated pathology. Fire-setters appear to be a discrete group of criminal offenders with a distinguishing constellation of
psychological characteristics. This suggests the necessity of specialized treatment to target these
individuals in prison and before they become offenders. A small study of 63 male and female patients with
a history of deliberate fire-setting, published by Tyler and her colleagues in 2018, has tracked the efficacy
of intervention programs for the mentally disordered offenders. The results suggest that the treatments
significantly reduced the compulsion to start fires, but far more research is necessary to extend and confirm
this small-scale study.
Views toward arsonists have changed over time, according to a 2018 review of pyromania in Western
Europe between the years of 1800-1950, by Lydia Dalhuisen, a criminologist at Ultrecht University. The
data show the pendulum swinging back and forth from being viewed as a crime to being regarded as a
mental illness. If viewed as an illness, punishing arsonists for a form of insanity becomes an ethical
dilemma, but there is no doubt that more needs to be done to reduce the horrific destruction by fire that
society is suffering. Increased support for psychological research and greater mental health services would
seem to provide an effective and easily attainable way to fight this inferno.
【題組】56 What is the best title of this passage?
(A) Ways to Prevent Wildfires. (B) Facts about Mental Illness. (C) Inside the Mind of an Arsonist. (D) History of Deliberate Fire-setting.
【題組】57 Which of the following is true about California fires in 2018?
(A) Some of the tragic fires are caused by campers. (B) A man is found to be related to several fires. (C) The Southern California Holy Fire is reported to have started accidentally. (D) The environmental policies of California are the major causes of the fires.
【題組】59 Which of the following is true about the research of Tyler and her colleagues in 2018?
(A) They find that psychological treatments can be helpful to fire-setting patients. (B) They suggest to put the arsonists in prison before they become offenders. (C) The study is about the history of the development of criminology. (D) The study involves a large number of male and female participants.
【題組】60 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
(A) The psychological study on arsonists has been a heated subject of criminology. (B) The government is not putting enough effort into fighting against fire-setters. (C) Lydia Dalhuisen’s review in 2018 is an important study on pyromania. (D) The question of whether arson is a crime or an illness is still in dispute.
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